To boldly gulp: Standard metabolic rate and boldness have context-dependent influences on risk-taking to breathe air in a catfish
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2015 |
Outros Autores: | , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.122903 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/172803 |
Resumo: | The African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus has bimodal respiration, it has a suprabranchial air-breathing organ alongside substantial gills. We used automated bimodal respirometry to reveal that undisturbed juvenile catfish (N=29) breathed air continuously in normoxia, with a marked diurnal cycle. Air breathing and routine metabolic rate (RMR) increased in darkness when, in the wild, this nocturnal predator forages. Aquatic hypoxia (20% air saturation) greatly increased overall reliance on air breathing. We investigated whether two measures of risk taking to breathe air, namely absolute rates of aerial O2 uptake (MO2,air) and the percentage of RMR obtained from air (%MO2,air), were influenced by individual standard metabolic rate (SMR) and boldness. In particular, whether any influence varied with resource availability (normoxia versus hypoxia) or relative fear of predation (day versus night). Individual SMR, derived from respirometry, had an overall positive influence onMO2,air across all contexts but a positive influence on %MO2,air only in hypoxia. Thus, a pervasive effect of SMR on air breathing became most acute in hypoxia, when individuals with higher O2 demand took proportionally more risks. Boldness was estimated as time required to resume air breathing after a fearful stimulus in daylight normoxia (Tres). Although Tres had no overall influence on MO2,air or %MO2,air, there was a negative relationship between Tres and %MO2,air in daylight, in normoxia and hypoxia. There were two Tres response groups, 'bold' phenotypes with Tres below 75 min (N=13) which, in daylight, breathed proportionally more air than 'shy' phenotypes with Tres above 115 min (N=16). Therefore, individual boldness influenced air breathing when fear of predation was high. Thus, individual energy demand and personality did not have parallel influences on the emergent tendency to take risks to obtain a resource; their influences varied in strength with context. |
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To boldly gulp: Standard metabolic rate and boldness have context-dependent influences on risk-taking to breathe air in a catfishBimodal respirationEnergy metabolismHypoxiaPersonalityRespiratory partitioningRisk-takingThe African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus has bimodal respiration, it has a suprabranchial air-breathing organ alongside substantial gills. We used automated bimodal respirometry to reveal that undisturbed juvenile catfish (N=29) breathed air continuously in normoxia, with a marked diurnal cycle. Air breathing and routine metabolic rate (RMR) increased in darkness when, in the wild, this nocturnal predator forages. Aquatic hypoxia (20% air saturation) greatly increased overall reliance on air breathing. We investigated whether two measures of risk taking to breathe air, namely absolute rates of aerial O2 uptake (MO2,air) and the percentage of RMR obtained from air (%MO2,air), were influenced by individual standard metabolic rate (SMR) and boldness. In particular, whether any influence varied with resource availability (normoxia versus hypoxia) or relative fear of predation (day versus night). Individual SMR, derived from respirometry, had an overall positive influence onMO2,air across all contexts but a positive influence on %MO2,air only in hypoxia. Thus, a pervasive effect of SMR on air breathing became most acute in hypoxia, when individuals with higher O2 demand took proportionally more risks. Boldness was estimated as time required to resume air breathing after a fearful stimulus in daylight normoxia (Tres). Although Tres had no overall influence on MO2,air or %MO2,air, there was a negative relationship between Tres and %MO2,air in daylight, in normoxia and hypoxia. There were two Tres response groups, 'bold' phenotypes with Tres below 75 min (N=13) which, in daylight, breathed proportionally more air than 'shy' phenotypes with Tres above 115 min (N=16). Therefore, individual boldness influenced air breathing when fear of predation was high. Thus, individual energy demand and personality did not have parallel influences on the emergent tendency to take risks to obtain a resource; their influences varied in strength with context.Department of Physiological Sciences Federal University of São CarlosUMR9190 Centre for Marine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (Marbec) Place Eugène Bataillon Université MontpellierJoint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Paulo State University UNESP Campus AraraquaraInstitute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of GlasgowJoint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar São Paulo State University UNESP Campus AraraquaraUniversidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)Université MontpellierUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)University of GlasgowMcKenzie, David J.Belão, Thiago C. [UNESP]Killen, Shaun S.Rantin, F. Tadeu2018-12-11T17:02:14Z2018-12-11T17:02:14Z2015-12-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article3762-3770application/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.122903Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 218, n. 23, p. 3762-3770, 2015.0022-0949http://hdl.handle.net/11449/17280310.1242/jeb.1229032-s2.0-849628284362-s2.0-84962828436.pdfScopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengJournal of Experimental Biology1,611info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-01-02T06:15:52Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/172803Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-01-02T06:15:52Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
To boldly gulp: Standard metabolic rate and boldness have context-dependent influences on risk-taking to breathe air in a catfish |
title |
To boldly gulp: Standard metabolic rate and boldness have context-dependent influences on risk-taking to breathe air in a catfish |
spellingShingle |
To boldly gulp: Standard metabolic rate and boldness have context-dependent influences on risk-taking to breathe air in a catfish McKenzie, David J. Bimodal respiration Energy metabolism Hypoxia Personality Respiratory partitioning Risk-taking |
title_short |
To boldly gulp: Standard metabolic rate and boldness have context-dependent influences on risk-taking to breathe air in a catfish |
title_full |
To boldly gulp: Standard metabolic rate and boldness have context-dependent influences on risk-taking to breathe air in a catfish |
title_fullStr |
To boldly gulp: Standard metabolic rate and boldness have context-dependent influences on risk-taking to breathe air in a catfish |
title_full_unstemmed |
To boldly gulp: Standard metabolic rate and boldness have context-dependent influences on risk-taking to breathe air in a catfish |
title_sort |
To boldly gulp: Standard metabolic rate and boldness have context-dependent influences on risk-taking to breathe air in a catfish |
author |
McKenzie, David J. |
author_facet |
McKenzie, David J. Belão, Thiago C. [UNESP] Killen, Shaun S. Rantin, F. Tadeu |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Belão, Thiago C. [UNESP] Killen, Shaun S. Rantin, F. Tadeu |
author2_role |
author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) Université Montpellier Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) University of Glasgow |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
McKenzie, David J. Belão, Thiago C. [UNESP] Killen, Shaun S. Rantin, F. Tadeu |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Bimodal respiration Energy metabolism Hypoxia Personality Respiratory partitioning Risk-taking |
topic |
Bimodal respiration Energy metabolism Hypoxia Personality Respiratory partitioning Risk-taking |
description |
The African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus has bimodal respiration, it has a suprabranchial air-breathing organ alongside substantial gills. We used automated bimodal respirometry to reveal that undisturbed juvenile catfish (N=29) breathed air continuously in normoxia, with a marked diurnal cycle. Air breathing and routine metabolic rate (RMR) increased in darkness when, in the wild, this nocturnal predator forages. Aquatic hypoxia (20% air saturation) greatly increased overall reliance on air breathing. We investigated whether two measures of risk taking to breathe air, namely absolute rates of aerial O2 uptake (MO2,air) and the percentage of RMR obtained from air (%MO2,air), were influenced by individual standard metabolic rate (SMR) and boldness. In particular, whether any influence varied with resource availability (normoxia versus hypoxia) or relative fear of predation (day versus night). Individual SMR, derived from respirometry, had an overall positive influence onMO2,air across all contexts but a positive influence on %MO2,air only in hypoxia. Thus, a pervasive effect of SMR on air breathing became most acute in hypoxia, when individuals with higher O2 demand took proportionally more risks. Boldness was estimated as time required to resume air breathing after a fearful stimulus in daylight normoxia (Tres). Although Tres had no overall influence on MO2,air or %MO2,air, there was a negative relationship between Tres and %MO2,air in daylight, in normoxia and hypoxia. There were two Tres response groups, 'bold' phenotypes with Tres below 75 min (N=13) which, in daylight, breathed proportionally more air than 'shy' phenotypes with Tres above 115 min (N=16). Therefore, individual boldness influenced air breathing when fear of predation was high. Thus, individual energy demand and personality did not have parallel influences on the emergent tendency to take risks to obtain a resource; their influences varied in strength with context. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2015-12-01 2018-12-11T17:02:14Z 2018-12-11T17:02:14Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.122903 Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 218, n. 23, p. 3762-3770, 2015. 0022-0949 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/172803 10.1242/jeb.122903 2-s2.0-84962828436 2-s2.0-84962828436.pdf |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.122903 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/172803 |
identifier_str_mv |
Journal of Experimental Biology, v. 218, n. 23, p. 3762-3770, 2015. 0022-0949 10.1242/jeb.122903 2-s2.0-84962828436 2-s2.0-84962828436.pdf |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Experimental Biology 1,611 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
3762-3770 application/pdf |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
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1797790176645218304 |