Caraterização físico-química e avaliação dos compostos bioativos de óleos brutos e refinados de soja, canola, milho e girassol

• Autor(a) principal: Freitas, Irene Rodrigues [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154706; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/cathedra/01-08-2017/000868992.pdf
• topic: Chemistry, Physical and theoretical; Tecnologia de alimentos; Físico-química; Óleos vegetais - Análise; Compostos bioativos; Antioxidantes

Oils are frequently used in human food. Therefore, there is need to check the quality and know their bioactive substances, since during the stages of commercial refining not only undesirable components are removed but also the desirable compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate crude and refined soybean, canola, corn and sunflower oils of five different brands sold in the Brazilian market. The physicochemical characterization through the analysis of free fatty acids, peroxide index, p-anisidine index, totox value, specific extinction, unsaponifiable matter and oxidative stability index was carried out. The bioactive compounds were determined through the analysis of phytosterols, tocopherols, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and fatty acid composition. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ABTS●+ DPPH●, FRAP and β-carotene/linoleic acid systems. The obtained data was submitted to analysis of variance at the 1% significance level, followed by the Tukey test at a 5% probability level. Through the physicochemical analysis, the crude oils can be considered of good quality. During refining removal of undesirable compounds such as free fatty acids and peroxides indices occurred as expected. Moreover, this process reduced, on average, 22-42% of unsaponifiable matter. In general, the crude oils analyzed may be considered sources of bioactive compounds. However, during the evaluation of the refined oils, these compounds were removed during the different refining steps used by the industries. Such losses ranged, on average, from 13-30% for total phytosterols, 14-57% for total tocopherols, 54-90% for carotenoids and 26-58% for total phenolic compounds. After refining, corn oil stood out as having an average of 945.68 mg/100 g and 127.82 mg/kg of phytosterols and Total phenolic compounds, respectively, and soybean oil with 503.22 mg/kg of total tocopherols. Losses varied even between different brands for the same ...