Development and validation of the facial scale (FaceSed) to evaluate sedation in horses
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251909 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/207809 |
Resumo: | Although facial characteristics are used to estimate horse sedation, there are no studies measuring their reliability and validity. This randomised controlled, prospective, horizontal study aimed to validate a facial sedation scale for horses (FaceSed). Seven horses received detomidine infusion i.v. in low or high doses/rates alone (DL 2.5 μg/kg+6.25 μg/kg/h; DH 5 μg/kg+12.5 μg/kg/h) or combined with methadone (DLM and DHM, 0.2 mg/kg+0.05 mg/ kg/h) for 120 min, or acepromazine boli i.v. in low (ACPL 0.02 mg/kg) or high doses (ACPH 0.09 mg/kg). Horses' faces were photographed at i) baseline, ii) peak, iii) intermediate, and iv) end of sedation. After randomisation of moments and treatments, photos were sent to four evaluators to assess the FaceSed items (ear position, orbital opening, relaxation of the lower and upper lip) twice, within a one-month interval. The intraclass correlation coefficient of intra- and interobserver reliability of FaceSed scores were good to very good (0.74-0.94) and moderate to very good (0.57-0.87), respectively. Criterion validity based on Spearman correlation between the FaceSed versus the numerical rating scale and head height above the ground were 0.92 and -0.75, respectively. All items and the FaceSed total score showed responsiveness (construct validity). According to the principal component analysis all FaceSed items had load factors >0.50 at the first dimension. The high internal consistency (Cronbach´s α = 0.83) indicated good intercorrelation among items. Item-total Spearman correlation was adequate (rho 0.3-0.73), indicating homogeneity of the scale. All items showed sensitivity (0.82-0.97) to detect sedation, however only orbital opening (0.79) and upper lip relaxation (0.82) were specific to detect absence of sedation. The limitations were that the facial expression was performed using photos, which do not represent the facial movement and the horses were docile, which may have reduced specificity. The FaceSed is a valid and reliable tool to assess tranquilisation and sedation in horses. |
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Development and validation of the facial scale (FaceSed) to evaluate sedation in horsesAlthough facial characteristics are used to estimate horse sedation, there are no studies measuring their reliability and validity. This randomised controlled, prospective, horizontal study aimed to validate a facial sedation scale for horses (FaceSed). Seven horses received detomidine infusion i.v. in low or high doses/rates alone (DL 2.5 μg/kg+6.25 μg/kg/h; DH 5 μg/kg+12.5 μg/kg/h) or combined with methadone (DLM and DHM, 0.2 mg/kg+0.05 mg/ kg/h) for 120 min, or acepromazine boli i.v. in low (ACPL 0.02 mg/kg) or high doses (ACPH 0.09 mg/kg). Horses' faces were photographed at i) baseline, ii) peak, iii) intermediate, and iv) end of sedation. After randomisation of moments and treatments, photos were sent to four evaluators to assess the FaceSed items (ear position, orbital opening, relaxation of the lower and upper lip) twice, within a one-month interval. The intraclass correlation coefficient of intra- and interobserver reliability of FaceSed scores were good to very good (0.74-0.94) and moderate to very good (0.57-0.87), respectively. Criterion validity based on Spearman correlation between the FaceSed versus the numerical rating scale and head height above the ground were 0.92 and -0.75, respectively. All items and the FaceSed total score showed responsiveness (construct validity). According to the principal component analysis all FaceSed items had load factors >0.50 at the first dimension. The high internal consistency (Cronbach´s α = 0.83) indicated good intercorrelation among items. Item-total Spearman correlation was adequate (rho 0.3-0.73), indicating homogeneity of the scale. All items showed sensitivity (0.82-0.97) to detect sedation, however only orbital opening (0.79) and upper lip relaxation (0.82) were specific to detect absence of sedation. The limitations were that the facial expression was performed using photos, which do not represent the facial movement and the horses were docile, which may have reduced specificity. The FaceSed is a valid and reliable tool to assess tranquilisation and sedation in horses.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP)The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies The Roslin Institute The University of EdinburghDepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Services Section Anaesthesiology Vetsuisse Faculty University of ZürichDepartment of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ghent UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science São Paulo State University (UNESP)FAPESP: 2017/12815-0FAPESP: 2017/16208-0Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)The University of EdinburghUniversity of ZürichGhent Universityde Oliveira, Alice Rodrigues [UNESP]Gozalo-Marcilla, MiguelRinger, Simone KatjaSchauvliege, StijnFonseca, Mariana Werneck [UNESP]Trindade, Pedro Henrique Esteves [UNESP]Filho, José Nicolau Prospero Puoli [UNESP]Luna, Stelio Pacca Loureiro [UNESP]2021-06-25T11:01:25Z2021-06-25T11:01:25Z2021-06-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251909PLoS ONE, v. 16, n. 6 June, 2021.1932-6203http://hdl.handle.net/11449/20780910.1371/journal.pone.02519092-s2.0-85106986237Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengPLoS ONEinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-23T17:46:00Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/207809Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462021-10-23T17:46Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Development and validation of the facial scale (FaceSed) to evaluate sedation in horses |
title |
Development and validation of the facial scale (FaceSed) to evaluate sedation in horses |
spellingShingle |
Development and validation of the facial scale (FaceSed) to evaluate sedation in horses de Oliveira, Alice Rodrigues [UNESP] |
title_short |
Development and validation of the facial scale (FaceSed) to evaluate sedation in horses |
title_full |
Development and validation of the facial scale (FaceSed) to evaluate sedation in horses |
title_fullStr |
Development and validation of the facial scale (FaceSed) to evaluate sedation in horses |
title_full_unstemmed |
Development and validation of the facial scale (FaceSed) to evaluate sedation in horses |
title_sort |
Development and validation of the facial scale (FaceSed) to evaluate sedation in horses |
author |
de Oliveira, Alice Rodrigues [UNESP] |
author_facet |
de Oliveira, Alice Rodrigues [UNESP] Gozalo-Marcilla, Miguel Ringer, Simone Katja Schauvliege, Stijn Fonseca, Mariana Werneck [UNESP] Trindade, Pedro Henrique Esteves [UNESP] Filho, José Nicolau Prospero Puoli [UNESP] Luna, Stelio Pacca Loureiro [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Gozalo-Marcilla, Miguel Ringer, Simone Katja Schauvliege, Stijn Fonseca, Mariana Werneck [UNESP] Trindade, Pedro Henrique Esteves [UNESP] Filho, José Nicolau Prospero Puoli [UNESP] Luna, Stelio Pacca Loureiro [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) The University of Edinburgh University of Zürich Ghent University |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
de Oliveira, Alice Rodrigues [UNESP] Gozalo-Marcilla, Miguel Ringer, Simone Katja Schauvliege, Stijn Fonseca, Mariana Werneck [UNESP] Trindade, Pedro Henrique Esteves [UNESP] Filho, José Nicolau Prospero Puoli [UNESP] Luna, Stelio Pacca Loureiro [UNESP] |
description |
Although facial characteristics are used to estimate horse sedation, there are no studies measuring their reliability and validity. This randomised controlled, prospective, horizontal study aimed to validate a facial sedation scale for horses (FaceSed). Seven horses received detomidine infusion i.v. in low or high doses/rates alone (DL 2.5 μg/kg+6.25 μg/kg/h; DH 5 μg/kg+12.5 μg/kg/h) or combined with methadone (DLM and DHM, 0.2 mg/kg+0.05 mg/ kg/h) for 120 min, or acepromazine boli i.v. in low (ACPL 0.02 mg/kg) or high doses (ACPH 0.09 mg/kg). Horses' faces were photographed at i) baseline, ii) peak, iii) intermediate, and iv) end of sedation. After randomisation of moments and treatments, photos were sent to four evaluators to assess the FaceSed items (ear position, orbital opening, relaxation of the lower and upper lip) twice, within a one-month interval. The intraclass correlation coefficient of intra- and interobserver reliability of FaceSed scores were good to very good (0.74-0.94) and moderate to very good (0.57-0.87), respectively. Criterion validity based on Spearman correlation between the FaceSed versus the numerical rating scale and head height above the ground were 0.92 and -0.75, respectively. All items and the FaceSed total score showed responsiveness (construct validity). According to the principal component analysis all FaceSed items had load factors >0.50 at the first dimension. The high internal consistency (Cronbach´s α = 0.83) indicated good intercorrelation among items. Item-total Spearman correlation was adequate (rho 0.3-0.73), indicating homogeneity of the scale. All items showed sensitivity (0.82-0.97) to detect sedation, however only orbital opening (0.79) and upper lip relaxation (0.82) were specific to detect absence of sedation. The limitations were that the facial expression was performed using photos, which do not represent the facial movement and the horses were docile, which may have reduced specificity. The FaceSed is a valid and reliable tool to assess tranquilisation and sedation in horses. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-06-25T11:01:25Z 2021-06-25T11:01:25Z 2021-06-01 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251909 PLoS ONE, v. 16, n. 6 June, 2021. 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/207809 10.1371/journal.pone.0251909 2-s2.0-85106986237 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251909 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/207809 |
identifier_str_mv |
PLoS ONE, v. 16, n. 6 June, 2021. 1932-6203 10.1371/journal.pone.0251909 2-s2.0-85106986237 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
PLoS ONE |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
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1799965183894880256 |