Avaliação da toxicidade de vinhaça percolada em brânquias de tilápias (Oreochromis niloticus)

• Autor(a) principal: Vasques, Louise Idalgo [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/156041; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/capelo/2017-09-28/000890099.pdf
• topic: Resíduos; Percolação; Fertirrigação; Histopatologia; Metais; Solos; Waste products

The practice of using industrial wastes as fertilizers causes environmental problems, since they can percolate and/or leach into the soil causing contamination of ground and/or surface water. For this reason, industrial waste have become a topic widely studied in recent years, since such substances may contain toxic elements, causing changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Among the fertilizers used by most farmers, can be cited the vinasse, waste generated in the distillation process of sugarcane wine for the production of ethanol, which due the prohibition on its disposal in water and its high organic load It became widely used. However, the vinasse has high pollution potential and can reach groundwater and surface water through seepage and runoff from the soil. In this sense, this study aimed to verify the toxicity of vinasse sugarcane percolated using tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) as a test organism. Analysis of metals present were held in percolated vinasse and vinasse in natura for comparison purposes; were not found elements in concentrations above the permitted for water bodies and groundwater (established by CETESB and CONAMA). All found items, with the exception of aluminum, molybdenum and lead, have decreased their concentrations in percolated vinasse. For morphological analysis it was mounted a bioassay, in reply, in which three groups were divided: the control group, with fish exposure to fresh water, the test group with exposure to percolated vinasse diluted to 2.5% and a third group with exposure to vinasse in natura also diluted to 2.5%. Of the initial 30 individuals, five died during the test, belonging: one to control, one to vinasse in natura and three to percolated vinasse. After exposure, the fishes in each treatment were anesthetized and dissected to obtain the gills, which were fixed. The responses observed in the gills were analyzed with the aid of ultra morphological...