A Self-Powered and Autonomous Fringing Field Capacitive Sensor Integrated into a Micro Sprinkler Spinner to Measure Soil Water Content
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2017 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17030575 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/162675 |
Resumo: | We present here the design and fabrication of a self- powered and autonomous fringing field capacitive sensor to measure soil water content. The sensor is manufactured using a conventional printed circuit board and includes a porous ceramic. To read the sensor, we use a circuit that includes a 10 kHz triangle wave generator, an AC amplifier, a precision rectifier and a microcontroller. In terms of performance, the sensor's capacitance ( measured in a laboratory prototype) increases up to 5% when the volumetric water content of the porous ceramic changed from 3% to 36%, resulting in a sensitivity of S = 15.5 pF per unity change. Repeatability tests for capacitance measurement showed that the theta(v) sensor's root mean square error is 0.13%. The average current consumption of the system ( sensor and signal conditioning circuit) is less than 1.5 mu A, which demonstrates its suitability for being powered by energy harvesting systems. We developed a complete irrigation control system that integrates the sensor, an energy harvesting module composed of a microgenerator installed on the top of a micro sprinkler spinner, and a DC/ DC converter circuit that charges a 1 F supercapacitor. The energy harvesting module operates only when the micro sprinkler spinner is irrigating the soil, and the supercapacitor is fully charged to 5 V in about 3 h during the first irrigation. After the first irrigation, with the supercap fully charged, the system can operate powered only by the supercapacitor for approximately 23 days, without any energy being harvested. |
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A Self-Powered and Autonomous Fringing Field Capacitive Sensor Integrated into a Micro Sprinkler Spinner to Measure Soil Water Contentautonomous sensorssoil water content sensorscapacitive soil water content sensorenergy harvestingmicro sprinkler spinner generatorultra-low-power circuitsWe present here the design and fabrication of a self- powered and autonomous fringing field capacitive sensor to measure soil water content. The sensor is manufactured using a conventional printed circuit board and includes a porous ceramic. To read the sensor, we use a circuit that includes a 10 kHz triangle wave generator, an AC amplifier, a precision rectifier and a microcontroller. In terms of performance, the sensor's capacitance ( measured in a laboratory prototype) increases up to 5% when the volumetric water content of the porous ceramic changed from 3% to 36%, resulting in a sensitivity of S = 15.5 pF per unity change. Repeatability tests for capacitance measurement showed that the theta(v) sensor's root mean square error is 0.13%. The average current consumption of the system ( sensor and signal conditioning circuit) is less than 1.5 mu A, which demonstrates its suitability for being powered by energy harvesting systems. We developed a complete irrigation control system that integrates the sensor, an energy harvesting module composed of a microgenerator installed on the top of a micro sprinkler spinner, and a DC/ DC converter circuit that charges a 1 F supercapacitor. The energy harvesting module operates only when the micro sprinkler spinner is irrigating the soil, and the supercapacitor is fully charged to 5 V in about 3 h during the first irrigation. After the first irrigation, with the supercap fully charged, the system can operate powered only by the supercapacitor for approximately 23 days, without any energy being harvested.ICREAUniv Estadual Campinas, Dept Semicond Instruments & Photon, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, BR-13083820 Campinas, SP, BrazilParana Fed Univ Technol UTFPR, Dept Elect Engn, BR-86300000 Cornelio Procopio, PR, BrazilSAo Paulo State Univ Julio de Mesquita, Fac Sci & Engn, BR-17602496 Tupa, SP, BrazilCatalonia Inst Energy Res IREC, Jardins Ies Dones Negre 1, Barcelona 08930, SpainICREA, Pg Lluis Co 23, Barcelona 08010, SpainSAo Paulo State Univ Julio de Mesquita, Fac Sci & Engn, BR-17602496 Tupa, SP, BrazilMdpi AgUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)Parana Fed Univ Technol UTFPRUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Catalonia Inst Energy Res IRECICREACosta, Eduardo Ferreira daOliveira, Nestor E. deMorais, Flavio J. O. [UNESP]Carvalhaes-Dias, PedroDuarte, Luis Fernando C.Cabot, AndreuSiqueira Dias, J. A.2018-11-26T17:24:24Z2018-11-26T17:24:24Z2017-03-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/article16application/pdfhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17030575Sensors. Basel: Mdpi Ag, v. 17, n. 3, 16 p., 2017.1424-8220http://hdl.handle.net/11449/16267510.3390/s17030575WOS:000398818700148WOS000398818700148.pdfWeb of Sciencereponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengSensors0,584info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2024-06-10T14:49:17Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/162675Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T19:13:02.162233Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
A Self-Powered and Autonomous Fringing Field Capacitive Sensor Integrated into a Micro Sprinkler Spinner to Measure Soil Water Content |
title |
A Self-Powered and Autonomous Fringing Field Capacitive Sensor Integrated into a Micro Sprinkler Spinner to Measure Soil Water Content |
spellingShingle |
A Self-Powered and Autonomous Fringing Field Capacitive Sensor Integrated into a Micro Sprinkler Spinner to Measure Soil Water Content Costa, Eduardo Ferreira da autonomous sensors soil water content sensors capacitive soil water content sensor energy harvesting micro sprinkler spinner generator ultra-low-power circuits |
title_short |
A Self-Powered and Autonomous Fringing Field Capacitive Sensor Integrated into a Micro Sprinkler Spinner to Measure Soil Water Content |
title_full |
A Self-Powered and Autonomous Fringing Field Capacitive Sensor Integrated into a Micro Sprinkler Spinner to Measure Soil Water Content |
title_fullStr |
A Self-Powered and Autonomous Fringing Field Capacitive Sensor Integrated into a Micro Sprinkler Spinner to Measure Soil Water Content |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Self-Powered and Autonomous Fringing Field Capacitive Sensor Integrated into a Micro Sprinkler Spinner to Measure Soil Water Content |
title_sort |
A Self-Powered and Autonomous Fringing Field Capacitive Sensor Integrated into a Micro Sprinkler Spinner to Measure Soil Water Content |
author |
Costa, Eduardo Ferreira da |
author_facet |
Costa, Eduardo Ferreira da Oliveira, Nestor E. de Morais, Flavio J. O. [UNESP] Carvalhaes-Dias, Pedro Duarte, Luis Fernando C. Cabot, Andreu Siqueira Dias, J. A. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Oliveira, Nestor E. de Morais, Flavio J. O. [UNESP] Carvalhaes-Dias, Pedro Duarte, Luis Fernando C. Cabot, Andreu Siqueira Dias, J. A. |
author2_role |
author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Parana Fed Univ Technol UTFPR Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Catalonia Inst Energy Res IREC ICREA |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Costa, Eduardo Ferreira da Oliveira, Nestor E. de Morais, Flavio J. O. [UNESP] Carvalhaes-Dias, Pedro Duarte, Luis Fernando C. Cabot, Andreu Siqueira Dias, J. A. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
autonomous sensors soil water content sensors capacitive soil water content sensor energy harvesting micro sprinkler spinner generator ultra-low-power circuits |
topic |
autonomous sensors soil water content sensors capacitive soil water content sensor energy harvesting micro sprinkler spinner generator ultra-low-power circuits |
description |
We present here the design and fabrication of a self- powered and autonomous fringing field capacitive sensor to measure soil water content. The sensor is manufactured using a conventional printed circuit board and includes a porous ceramic. To read the sensor, we use a circuit that includes a 10 kHz triangle wave generator, an AC amplifier, a precision rectifier and a microcontroller. In terms of performance, the sensor's capacitance ( measured in a laboratory prototype) increases up to 5% when the volumetric water content of the porous ceramic changed from 3% to 36%, resulting in a sensitivity of S = 15.5 pF per unity change. Repeatability tests for capacitance measurement showed that the theta(v) sensor's root mean square error is 0.13%. The average current consumption of the system ( sensor and signal conditioning circuit) is less than 1.5 mu A, which demonstrates its suitability for being powered by energy harvesting systems. We developed a complete irrigation control system that integrates the sensor, an energy harvesting module composed of a microgenerator installed on the top of a micro sprinkler spinner, and a DC/ DC converter circuit that charges a 1 F supercapacitor. The energy harvesting module operates only when the micro sprinkler spinner is irrigating the soil, and the supercapacitor is fully charged to 5 V in about 3 h during the first irrigation. After the first irrigation, with the supercap fully charged, the system can operate powered only by the supercapacitor for approximately 23 days, without any energy being harvested. |
publishDate |
2017 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2017-03-01 2018-11-26T17:24:24Z 2018-11-26T17:24:24Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17030575 Sensors. Basel: Mdpi Ag, v. 17, n. 3, 16 p., 2017. 1424-8220 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/162675 10.3390/s17030575 WOS:000398818700148 WOS000398818700148.pdf |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17030575 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/162675 |
identifier_str_mv |
Sensors. Basel: Mdpi Ag, v. 17, n. 3, 16 p., 2017. 1424-8220 10.3390/s17030575 WOS:000398818700148 WOS000398818700148.pdf |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Sensors 0,584 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
16 application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Mdpi Ag |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Mdpi Ag |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Web of Science reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
_version_ |
1808129034853285888 |