Introdução à teoria de cordas e relações com o modelo padrão

• Autor(a) principal: Silvério, Isabela Maietto [UNESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNESP
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/11449/203494; http://www.athena.biblioteca.unesp.br/exlibris/bd/capelo/2019-06-17/000916761.pdf
• topic: Modelos de corda; Teoria das supercordas; Modelo padrão (Física nuclear); Relatividade geral (Física); Teoria quântica; Teoria quantica relativista; Teoria de campos (Física); Branas

In recent years String Theory has produced an arsenal of new physical and mathematical ideas and has developed as one of the candidates for a theory of unification of the forces of nature. It assumes that all particles are diferent harmonics of small vibrating strings. This simple idea leads to profound implications, such as the connection between Einstein's Gravitational Theory and the laws of Quantum Mechanics. With this, String Theory is grounded as a Quantum-Relativistic Theory. In this work will be presented introductory topics that will allow to realize solutions already known of some physical systems for the properties of the strings. In the first chapter there will be a brief discussion on Special Relativity Theory. In Chapter 2, a review is performed on the dynamics of a non-relativistic string, in order to introduce the dynamics of a relativistic string, using the Principle of Least Action. In the following chapters the Quantum Field Theory is introduced to present the quantization of a scalar field, to acquire relations between operators such as the creation operator, the destruction operatior and the Hamiltonian operator, which can infer crucial characteristics for the system. At the end of the work, it will be possible to understand the quantization of the string and to describe it from the action of the quantum harmonic oscillator. In addition, with all the theoretical basis discussed throughout the body text some results will discuss the Dp-branes and their relations with the gauge fields, associating them with a division of the Standard Model, known as Yang-Mills Theory SU (2)