Prevalência e fatores de risco associados à infecção por Leishmania spp., Babesia caballi (Nuttall & Strickland, 1910), Theileria equi (Mehlhorn & Schein, 1998), Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1909), Neospora spp. em equídeos submetidos a diferentes regimes de criação

• Autor(a) principal: GUERRA, Neurisvan Ramos
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRPE
• Texto Completo: http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7216
• topic: Parasitismo; Equino; Leishmania; Babesia caballi; Theileria equi; Toxoplasma gondii; Neospora; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA

The equid industry in Brazil occupies a prominent position worldwide, with about eight million equids. Diseases caused by protozoa such as Babesia caballi, Theileria equi and Neospora spp. as well as parasites that cause zoonotic protozooses such as Leishmania spp. and Toxoplasma gondii represent one of the main obstacles in the development of the sector. Therefore, this study aims to detect infection by Leishmania spp., Babesia caballi, Theileria equi, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp. and their respective risk factors in equidae created with different management forms. To perform the tests, 400 samples of whole blood and serum from clinically healthy equines, including horses, mules and donkeys from 41 rural properties in the state of Pernambuco were analyzed. In order to detect Leishmania spp., direct parasitological and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests were performed. Concerning the presence of infection by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi, direct parasitological tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for anti-Babesia caballi and anti-Theileria equi immunoglobulins detection. For the determination of seroprevalences of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis, modified agglutination (MAT) tests were used to identify anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies and anti-Neospora spp. All samples were negative for Leishmania spp. in the tests, suggesting that equidae do not participate in the epidemiological chain of leishmaniasis in the studied areas. The prevalence of anti-Babesia caballi and anti-Theileria equi antibodies of 4.3% (17/400; CI: 2.6-6.9) and the presence of B. caballi and T. equi in the serological tests revealed a prevalence of 10.8% (43/400; CI: 8.0 - 14.3), respectively, and co-infection was detected in 1% (4/400) of the animals. These data allow the characterization of areas of enzootic instability in the sites surveyed. Anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected in 12.5% (50/400) of the animals analyzed. When evaluating the risk factors for T. gondii infection, only the mesoregion factor (p = 0.029) was associated with infection, particularly Zona da Mata (OR = 3). The results reveal the presence of the parasite in the studied area, which may represent a link in the transmission chain of toxoplasmosis. Seropositivity for Neospora spp. was 5.7% (23/400) and the variables age, breeding type and region presented statistical significance. In relation to age, it was observed that animals older than 11 years presented 11.8 times more chances of being serum-reactive wjhen compared with young animals (<2,5) and the prevalence found shows that the parasite is dispersed in the areas studied and that the variables age, breeding type and region are the most important risk factors for the occurrence of infection in equidae, and should be considered in the prevention of the disease. Considering the results found in the present study, the diagnosis of the various diseases present in the State of Pernambuco, when performed at an early stage, allows the application of preventive and control measures, contributing significantly to animal health and public health.