Impact of socioeconomic variables on Enem performance: a spatial and sociologic analysis
| Autor(a) principal: | |
|---|---|
| Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
| Outros Autores: | , , |
| Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | por eng |
| Título da fonte: | Revista de Administração Pública |
| Texto Completo: | https://periodicos.fgv.br/rap/article/view/85021 |
Resumo: | This study aims to identify variables with the highest impact on students’ performance in the National Exam of High School (Enem), per municipality. The research adopted the educational sociology perspective and used spatial statistics to analyze the dynamics of territorial influence. We analyzed Enem 2018, measuring the degree of importance of each category of variables for the average and variance of students’ grades in the exam – which is separated in an essay and an objective test – and used statistical modeling and geospatial analysis, such as linear and spatial regressions. The results indicate that, for the objective test, variables like percentage of students with scholarship, income, race, schooling, and education level of students’ mothers are relevant to students’ performance and dispersion of grades in each municipality. For the essay, variables were similar to the objective test but with less impact on the average and variance of the grades. This explicative factor increases when a spatial component is introduced in the model for the essay grades, indicating that there are other regional factors, besides socioeconomics, impacting the performance and dispersion per municipality. The results reinforce the sociological studies on education since the socioeconomic disparities reflected in the students’ performance stand out, which are also pointed out by Bourdieu (1998, 2008, 2009) in his studies of the fundamentals of school productivity of inequalities. Studies with this integrated perspective are relevant to understand the influence of municipalities’ location, evidencing specific gaps and, consequently, directing and influencing public actions to overcome inequalities. |
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Impact of socioeconomic variables on Enem performance: a spatial and sociologic analysisImpacto de las variables socioeconómicas en el desempeño del Enem: un análisis espacial y sociológicoImpacto das variáveis socioeconômicas no desempenho do Enem: uma análise espacial e sociológicaEnemsociologyeducational performancestatistical analysisspatial regressionEnemsociologíadesempeño educativoanálisis estadísticoregresión espacialEnemsociologiadesempenho educacionalanálise estatísticaregressão espacialThis study aims to identify variables with the highest impact on students’ performance in the National Exam of High School (Enem), per municipality. The research adopted the educational sociology perspective and used spatial statistics to analyze the dynamics of territorial influence. We analyzed Enem 2018, measuring the degree of importance of each category of variables for the average and variance of students’ grades in the exam – which is separated in an essay and an objective test – and used statistical modeling and geospatial analysis, such as linear and spatial regressions. The results indicate that, for the objective test, variables like percentage of students with scholarship, income, race, schooling, and education level of students’ mothers are relevant to students’ performance and dispersion of grades in each municipality. For the essay, variables were similar to the objective test but with less impact on the average and variance of the grades. This explicative factor increases when a spatial component is introduced in the model for the essay grades, indicating that there are other regional factors, besides socioeconomics, impacting the performance and dispersion per municipality. The results reinforce the sociological studies on education since the socioeconomic disparities reflected in the students’ performance stand out, which are also pointed out by Bourdieu (1998, 2008, 2009) in his studies of the fundamentals of school productivity of inequalities. Studies with this integrated perspective are relevant to understand the influence of municipalities’ location, evidencing specific gaps and, consequently, directing and influencing public actions to overcome inequalities.El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar variables con mayor impacto en el desempeño de los municipios en el Examen Nacional de Enseñanza Media (Enem), tanto para la prueba objetiva como para la prueba de redacción, a partir de técnicas de estadística espacial que permiten analizar la dinámica de la influencia territorial, y de la perspectiva de la sociología educacional. Pretendemos medir el grado de importancia de cada categoría de variables para la media y varianza de la puntuación del Enem. A tal fin, utilizamos modelos estadísticos y análisis geoespaciales, como regresión lineal y espacial, a partir del Enem 2018. Los resultados muestran que, para la prueba objetiva del Enem, variables como el porcentaje de alumnos becarios, renta, raza, escolaridad y nivel de instrucción de las madres son factores relevantes para el desempeño y dispersión de las notas de los estudiantes en cada municipio. Para el desempeño en redacción, las variables son similares a las de la prueba objetiva, no obstante, con menor impacto en la media y dispersión de la puntuación. Cuando se introduce un componente espacial en el modelo de puntuación de redacción, el factor explicativo aumenta, señalando que existen otros criterios regionales, distintos a los socioeconómicos, que impactan sobre el desempeño y dispersión de los municipios. Los resultados refuerzan los estudios de la sociología de la educación, ya que subrayan las disparidades socioeconómicas reflejadas en el desempeño de los estudiantes, que son fundamentos de la reproducción escolar de las desigualdades analizadas por Bourdieu (1998, 2008, 2009). Las investigaciones con esta perspectiva integrada son relevantes para la comprensión de la influencia en la regionalidad de los municipios, pudiendo revelar brechas específicas y, en consecuencia, dirigir e incidir en acciones públicas orientadas a la superación de desigualdades.O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar variáveis com maior impacto no desempenho dos municípios no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem), tanto para a prova objetiva quanto para a redação, com base em técnicas de estatística espacial, que permite analisar a dinâmica da influência territorial, e da perspectiva da sociologia da educação. Pretende-se mensurar o grau de importância de cada categoria de variáveis para a média e a variância das notas do Enem. Para isso, utilizam-se modelos estatísticos e geoespaciais, como regressão linear múltipla e regressão espacial, a partir do Enem de 2018. Para a prova objetiva, variáveis como o percentual de estudantes com bolsa, renda, raça, escolaridade e nível instrucional da mãe são fatores relevantes para o desempenho e a dispersão das notas dos estudantes de cada município. Para a redação, as variáveis são similares às da prova objetiva, mas com menor impacto na média e na dispersão das notas. Esse fator explicativo aumenta quando introduzimos um componente espacial no modelo para as notas de redação, indicando que outros fatores regionais, diferentes dos socioeconômicos, impactam o desempenho e a dispersão dos municípios. Os resultados reforçam os estudos da sociologia da educação, ao destacarem as disparidades socioeconômicas refletidas no desempenho estudantil, fundamentos da reprodução escolar das desigualdades mencionadas por Bourdieu (1998, 2008, 2009). Estudos com essa perspectiva integrada são relevantes para o entendimento da influência no nível da localidade dos municípios, podendo evidenciar lacunas específicas, direcionando e influenciando ações públicas visando à superação das desigualdades.Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV EBAPE)2021-12-22info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfapplication/pdfhttps://periodicos.fgv.br/rap/article/view/8502110.1590/0034-761220200843Brazilian Journal of Public Administration; Vol. 55 No. 6 (2021); 1271-1294Revista de Administração Pública; Vol. 55 Núm. 6 (2021); 1271-1294Revista de Administração Pública; v. 55 n. 6 (2021); 1271-12941982-31340034-7612reponame:Revista de Administração Públicainstname:Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV)instacron:FGVporenghttps://periodicos.fgv.br/rap/article/view/85021/80363https://periodicos.fgv.br/rap/article/view/85021/80364Melo, Rafael OliveiraFreitas, Anne Caroline deFrancisco, Eduardo de RezendeMotokane, Marcelo Tadeuinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-12-22T14:20:52Zoai:ojs.periodicos.fgv.br:article/85021Revistahttps://ebape.fgv.br/publicacoes/rapONGhttps://old.scielo.br/oai/scielo-oai.php||rap@fgv.br1982-31340034-7612opendoar:2021-12-22T14:20:52Revista de Administração Pública - Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV)false |
| dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Impact of socioeconomic variables on Enem performance: a spatial and sociologic analysis Impacto de las variables socioeconómicas en el desempeño del Enem: un análisis espacial y sociológico Impacto das variáveis socioeconômicas no desempenho do Enem: uma análise espacial e sociológica |
| title |
Impact of socioeconomic variables on Enem performance: a spatial and sociologic analysis |
| spellingShingle |
Impact of socioeconomic variables on Enem performance: a spatial and sociologic analysis Melo, Rafael Oliveira Enem sociology educational performance statistical analysis spatial regression Enem sociología desempeño educativo análisis estadístico regresión espacial Enem sociologia desempenho educacional análise estatística regressão espacial |
| title_short |
Impact of socioeconomic variables on Enem performance: a spatial and sociologic analysis |
| title_full |
Impact of socioeconomic variables on Enem performance: a spatial and sociologic analysis |
| title_fullStr |
Impact of socioeconomic variables on Enem performance: a spatial and sociologic analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of socioeconomic variables on Enem performance: a spatial and sociologic analysis |
| title_sort |
Impact of socioeconomic variables on Enem performance: a spatial and sociologic analysis |
| author |
Melo, Rafael Oliveira |
| author_facet |
Melo, Rafael Oliveira Freitas, Anne Caroline de Francisco, Eduardo de Rezende Motokane, Marcelo Tadeu |
| author_role |
author |
| author2 |
Freitas, Anne Caroline de Francisco, Eduardo de Rezende Motokane, Marcelo Tadeu |
| author2_role |
author author author |
| dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Melo, Rafael Oliveira Freitas, Anne Caroline de Francisco, Eduardo de Rezende Motokane, Marcelo Tadeu |
| dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Enem sociology educational performance statistical analysis spatial regression Enem sociología desempeño educativo análisis estadístico regresión espacial Enem sociologia desempenho educacional análise estatística regressão espacial |
| topic |
Enem sociology educational performance statistical analysis spatial regression Enem sociología desempeño educativo análisis estadístico regresión espacial Enem sociologia desempenho educacional análise estatística regressão espacial |
| description |
This study aims to identify variables with the highest impact on students’ performance in the National Exam of High School (Enem), per municipality. The research adopted the educational sociology perspective and used spatial statistics to analyze the dynamics of territorial influence. We analyzed Enem 2018, measuring the degree of importance of each category of variables for the average and variance of students’ grades in the exam – which is separated in an essay and an objective test – and used statistical modeling and geospatial analysis, such as linear and spatial regressions. The results indicate that, for the objective test, variables like percentage of students with scholarship, income, race, schooling, and education level of students’ mothers are relevant to students’ performance and dispersion of grades in each municipality. For the essay, variables were similar to the objective test but with less impact on the average and variance of the grades. This explicative factor increases when a spatial component is introduced in the model for the essay grades, indicating that there are other regional factors, besides socioeconomics, impacting the performance and dispersion per municipality. The results reinforce the sociological studies on education since the socioeconomic disparities reflected in the students’ performance stand out, which are also pointed out by Bourdieu (1998, 2008, 2009) in his studies of the fundamentals of school productivity of inequalities. Studies with this integrated perspective are relevant to understand the influence of municipalities’ location, evidencing specific gaps and, consequently, directing and influencing public actions to overcome inequalities. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-12-22 |
| dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
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https://periodicos.fgv.br/rap/article/view/85021 10.1590/0034-761220200843 |
| url |
https://periodicos.fgv.br/rap/article/view/85021 |
| identifier_str_mv |
10.1590/0034-761220200843 |
| dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por eng |
| language |
por eng |
| dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://periodicos.fgv.br/rap/article/view/85021/80363 https://periodicos.fgv.br/rap/article/view/85021/80364 |
| dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV EBAPE) |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV EBAPE) |
| dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Brazilian Journal of Public Administration; Vol. 55 No. 6 (2021); 1271-1294 Revista de Administração Pública; Vol. 55 Núm. 6 (2021); 1271-1294 Revista de Administração Pública; v. 55 n. 6 (2021); 1271-1294 1982-3134 0034-7612 reponame:Revista de Administração Pública instname:Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) instacron:FGV |
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Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) |
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FGV |
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FGV |
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Revista de Administração Pública |
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Revista de Administração Pública |
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Revista de Administração Pública - Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) |
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||rap@fgv.br |
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1798943774751064064 |