Instrumentos de advocacy federativa no Brasil: o dilema dos estados na questão fiscal

• Autor(a) principal: Carvalho, Célia Maria Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional do FGV (FGV Repositório Digital)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13708
• topic: Advocacy; CONFAZ; Congresso Nacional; Administração de empresas; Reforma tributária - Brasil; Imposto sobre circulação de mercadorias e serviços; Fundo de Participação dos Estados (Brasil); Federalismo; Relações intergovernamentais

This thesis aims to analyze how States have organized themselves to confront the fiscal problems arisen from the fiscal war affecting the Tax on the Circulation of Goods and on Transport and Communication Services Rendered Interstate, and Inter-cities (ICMS), its main tax, and reducing the State Participation Fund revenue, and identify the instruments used by the states to the federal advocacy of their interests with the Union. We seek to analyze the models of coalition established, the trajectory as well as the behavior of the institutions in order to understand the dynamics of intergovernmental relations, the degree of cooperation obtained before a picture of heterogeneity, on the socio-economic capacity of subnational governments and what the impact of vertical coordination process was. It starts with the hypothesis that the heterogeneity of state governments hinders the evolution of cooperation and federal coordination process, reducing the power of subnational governments in establishing the advocacy of their interests with the Union and the construction of solutions to tax problems collectively. To understand this federative dynamics, the study analyzes the failed attempts to change the ICMS reform, with the aim of eliminating tax competition, and the approval of the new law governing transfers of the PEF, from the performances of CONFAZ and the National Congress, selected arenas for being strategic in all the governmental sectors. The first is the body established for the purpose of ICMS harmonization on a competitiveness table between the states, and confrontation and little coordination of the federal government. The second is mainly responsible for passing laws and supervision of the Brazilian state. Aiming at the enlightenment of the Brazilian case and identification of some innovative solutions, international experiences of countries such as: the USA, Canadá and Australia are presented. These countries have already progressed on implementing interstate arrangements through the establishment of Councils of heads of state executives (governors) that promote action policies and collective decisions to pursue the interests of their advocacy with the central government. We conclude that in spite of the ICMS reform efforts and the reform of FPE, whose significant change will occur in about 400 years, the strategies and forms of action adopted by the actors need to be reviewed and the central government needs to rescue its own role as public policy coordinator. Besides that, the strengthening of the institutions of federal advocacy found in the international experiences can change the Brazilian case, adding to the construction of a cooperative federalism and to the improvement of intergovernmental relations.