The Salem witchcraft and the origin of the north American plea bargaining: contrasting the dichotomous knowledge of the criminal justice systems

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Ribeiro, Sarah
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: Régnier Chemim Guimarães, Rodrigo
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal (Online)
Texto Completo: https://revista.ibraspp.com.br/RBDPP/article/view/323
Resumo: The question that drives this article is: can the North American plea bargaining originate by means considered by contemporary doctrine as predominantly "inquisitorial"? If so, and considering that 95% of the cases in that country are resolved by plea bargaining, does it make sense to continue saying that the criminal procedure system in the United States of America is "adversarial"? And more: deconstructed the labels that predominate in the doctrine around this theme, does it make sense to insist on the use of the dichotomy of criminal procedural systems, in adversarial versus inquisitorial, notably in the discussion of the adoption of procedural models inspired by the American plea bargaining? These questions are intended to be answered based on the historical reconstruction of plea bargaining in the United States, which goes back to its Puritan colonization, its attachment to economic disputes and the practices introduced in the 17th century, whose primitive expression is found in the famous judgment of the “witches of Salem” in Massachusetts. The article then explores how things went in this case, identifying the similarity between the methods used in the Salem witches' trial and the modern plea bargaining. Physical and psychological torture, linked to the possibility of harsh penalties, which frightened those accused of heresy in the processes of the medieval inquisition, as well as their limited possibility of defense, were also found in the Salem witch trials. Thus, what can be seen is that a criminal justice model perpetuated as "inquisitorial" by cultural transmission has been perpetuated, as a medieval heritage in parts of the North American criminal process. This shows that there is no conceptual rigidity about criminal procedural systems, contradicting a significant part of contemporary doctrine that continues to cling to the inquisitorial versus adversarial dichotomy. And it allows us to move forward, detaching ourselves from this doctrinal dichotomous tie, which is typical of the pretensions of scientific organization of the 19th century in Europe, and which has since promoted a dualist vision and which does not accept to see anything beyond the antagonistic labels of inquisitorial or adversarial, to inquire whether it is convenient or not and in what terms, in light of the 1988 Constitution, to adopt models inspired by the American bargaining model in Brazil.
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spelling The Salem witchcraft and the origin of the north American plea bargaining: contrasting the dichotomous knowledge of the criminal justice systemsO caso das Bruxas de Salem e a origem do plea bargaining norte-americano: contrapondo o entendimento dicotômico dos sistemas processuais penaisPlea bargainingSalem witch trialsInquisitorialSalem witchcraftAdversarial system.Plea bargainingInquisitórioBruxas de SalemAcusatórioSistemas processuais penais.The question that drives this article is: can the North American plea bargaining originate by means considered by contemporary doctrine as predominantly "inquisitorial"? If so, and considering that 95% of the cases in that country are resolved by plea bargaining, does it make sense to continue saying that the criminal procedure system in the United States of America is "adversarial"? And more: deconstructed the labels that predominate in the doctrine around this theme, does it make sense to insist on the use of the dichotomy of criminal procedural systems, in adversarial versus inquisitorial, notably in the discussion of the adoption of procedural models inspired by the American plea bargaining? These questions are intended to be answered based on the historical reconstruction of plea bargaining in the United States, which goes back to its Puritan colonization, its attachment to economic disputes and the practices introduced in the 17th century, whose primitive expression is found in the famous judgment of the “witches of Salem” in Massachusetts. The article then explores how things went in this case, identifying the similarity between the methods used in the Salem witches' trial and the modern plea bargaining. Physical and psychological torture, linked to the possibility of harsh penalties, which frightened those accused of heresy in the processes of the medieval inquisition, as well as their limited possibility of defense, were also found in the Salem witch trials. Thus, what can be seen is that a criminal justice model perpetuated as "inquisitorial" by cultural transmission has been perpetuated, as a medieval heritage in parts of the North American criminal process. This shows that there is no conceptual rigidity about criminal procedural systems, contradicting a significant part of contemporary doctrine that continues to cling to the inquisitorial versus adversarial dichotomy. And it allows us to move forward, detaching ourselves from this doctrinal dichotomous tie, which is typical of the pretensions of scientific organization of the 19th century in Europe, and which has since promoted a dualist vision and which does not accept to see anything beyond the antagonistic labels of inquisitorial or adversarial, to inquire whether it is convenient or not and in what terms, in light of the 1988 Constitution, to adopt models inspired by the American bargaining model in Brazil.A questão que move o presente artigo é: pode o plea bargainingnorte-americano ter sido originado por meios considerados pela doutrina contemporânea como predominantemente "inquisitórios"? Em caso afirmativo, e considerando que 95% dos casos naquele país se resolvem pelo plea bargaining, faz sentido seguir dizendo que o sistema processual penal dos Estados Unidos da América seja "acusatório"? E mais: desconstruídos os rótulos que predominam na doutrina em torno desse tema, faz sentido insistir no emprego da dicotomia dos sistemas processuais penais, em acusatório versusinquisitório, notadamente na discussão da adoção de modelos processuais inspirados no plea bargainingnorte-americano? Essas perguntas pretendem ser respondidas a partir da reconstrução histórica do plea bargainingnos Estados Unidos, o que remonta à sua colonização puritana, seu apego a disputas econômicas e às práticas introduzidas no século XVII, cuja expressão primitiva se encontra no famoso julgamento das “bruxas de Salem”, em Massachussets. O artigo, então, explora como as coisas se deram nesse caso, identificando a semelhança entre os métodos utilizados no julgamento das bruxas de Salem e no moderno plea bargaining.A tortura física e psicológica, esta vinculada à possibilidade de duras penas, que atemorizavam os acusados de heresia nos processos da inquisição medieval, assim como a sua parca possibilidade de defesa, também foram encontradas nos julgamentos das bruxas de Salem. Assim, o que se percebe é que se perpetuou um modelo de justiça criminal tachado como "inquisitorial" pela transmissão cultural, como uma herança medieval em parcelas do processo penal norte-americano. Isso evidencia que não há rigidez conceitual acerca dos sistemas processuais penais contradizendo significativa parcela da doutrina contemporânea que segue se apegando à dicotomia inquisitório versusacusatório. E permite avançar para, desvinculando-se dessa amarração dicotômica doutrinária, que é própria das pretensões de organização científica do século XIX na Europa, e que de lá para cá vem promovendo uma visão dualista e que não aceita enxergar nada para além dos rótulos antagônicos de inquisitório ou acusatório, indagar se é conveniente, ou não e em que termos à luz da Constituição da República de 1988, adotar-se, no Brasil modelos inspirados no plea bargainingestadunidense. Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual Penal - IBRASPP2020-06-27info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdftext/xmlhttps://revista.ibraspp.com.br/RBDPP/article/view/32310.22197/rbdpp.v6i2.323Brazilian Journal of Criminal Procedure; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2020); 835-872Revista Brasileña de Derecho Procesal Penal; Vol. 6 Núm. 2 (2020); 835-872Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal; V. 6 N. 2 (2020); 835-872Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal; v. 6 n. 2 (2020); 835-8722525-510X10.22197/rbdpp.v6i2reponame:Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal (Online)instname:Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual Penal (IBRASPP)instacron:IBRASPPporhttps://revista.ibraspp.com.br/RBDPP/article/view/323/225https://revista.ibraspp.com.br/RBDPP/article/view/323/257Copyright (c) 2020 Sarah Ribeiro, Rodrigo Régnier Chemim Guimaãesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessRibeiro, SarahRégnier Chemim Guimarães, Rodrigo2020-09-29T10:22:43Zoai:ojs.revista.ibraspp.com.br:article/323Revistahttps://revista.ibraspp.com.br/RBDPPONGhttps://revista.ibraspp.com.br/RBDPP/oairevista@ibraspp.com.br2525-510X2359-3881opendoar:2020-09-29T10:22:43Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal (Online) - Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual Penal (IBRASPP)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv The Salem witchcraft and the origin of the north American plea bargaining: contrasting the dichotomous knowledge of the criminal justice systems
O caso das Bruxas de Salem e a origem do plea bargaining norte-americano: contrapondo o entendimento dicotômico dos sistemas processuais penais
title The Salem witchcraft and the origin of the north American plea bargaining: contrasting the dichotomous knowledge of the criminal justice systems
spellingShingle The Salem witchcraft and the origin of the north American plea bargaining: contrasting the dichotomous knowledge of the criminal justice systems
Ribeiro, Sarah
Plea bargaining
Salem witch trials
Inquisitorial
Salem witchcraft
Adversarial system.
Plea bargaining
Inquisitório
Bruxas de Salem
Acusatório
Sistemas processuais penais.
title_short The Salem witchcraft and the origin of the north American plea bargaining: contrasting the dichotomous knowledge of the criminal justice systems
title_full The Salem witchcraft and the origin of the north American plea bargaining: contrasting the dichotomous knowledge of the criminal justice systems
title_fullStr The Salem witchcraft and the origin of the north American plea bargaining: contrasting the dichotomous knowledge of the criminal justice systems
title_full_unstemmed The Salem witchcraft and the origin of the north American plea bargaining: contrasting the dichotomous knowledge of the criminal justice systems
title_sort The Salem witchcraft and the origin of the north American plea bargaining: contrasting the dichotomous knowledge of the criminal justice systems
author Ribeiro, Sarah
author_facet Ribeiro, Sarah
Régnier Chemim Guimarães, Rodrigo
author_role author
author2 Régnier Chemim Guimarães, Rodrigo
author2_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Ribeiro, Sarah
Régnier Chemim Guimarães, Rodrigo
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Plea bargaining
Salem witch trials
Inquisitorial
Salem witchcraft
Adversarial system.
Plea bargaining
Inquisitório
Bruxas de Salem
Acusatório
Sistemas processuais penais.
topic Plea bargaining
Salem witch trials
Inquisitorial
Salem witchcraft
Adversarial system.
Plea bargaining
Inquisitório
Bruxas de Salem
Acusatório
Sistemas processuais penais.
description The question that drives this article is: can the North American plea bargaining originate by means considered by contemporary doctrine as predominantly "inquisitorial"? If so, and considering that 95% of the cases in that country are resolved by plea bargaining, does it make sense to continue saying that the criminal procedure system in the United States of America is "adversarial"? And more: deconstructed the labels that predominate in the doctrine around this theme, does it make sense to insist on the use of the dichotomy of criminal procedural systems, in adversarial versus inquisitorial, notably in the discussion of the adoption of procedural models inspired by the American plea bargaining? These questions are intended to be answered based on the historical reconstruction of plea bargaining in the United States, which goes back to its Puritan colonization, its attachment to economic disputes and the practices introduced in the 17th century, whose primitive expression is found in the famous judgment of the “witches of Salem” in Massachusetts. The article then explores how things went in this case, identifying the similarity between the methods used in the Salem witches' trial and the modern plea bargaining. Physical and psychological torture, linked to the possibility of harsh penalties, which frightened those accused of heresy in the processes of the medieval inquisition, as well as their limited possibility of defense, were also found in the Salem witch trials. Thus, what can be seen is that a criminal justice model perpetuated as "inquisitorial" by cultural transmission has been perpetuated, as a medieval heritage in parts of the North American criminal process. This shows that there is no conceptual rigidity about criminal procedural systems, contradicting a significant part of contemporary doctrine that continues to cling to the inquisitorial versus adversarial dichotomy. And it allows us to move forward, detaching ourselves from this doctrinal dichotomous tie, which is typical of the pretensions of scientific organization of the 19th century in Europe, and which has since promoted a dualist vision and which does not accept to see anything beyond the antagonistic labels of inquisitorial or adversarial, to inquire whether it is convenient or not and in what terms, in light of the 1988 Constitution, to adopt models inspired by the American bargaining model in Brazil.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2020-06-27
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://revista.ibraspp.com.br/RBDPP/article/view/323
10.22197/rbdpp.v6i2.323
url https://revista.ibraspp.com.br/RBDPP/article/view/323
identifier_str_mv 10.22197/rbdpp.v6i2.323
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
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dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://revista.ibraspp.com.br/RBDPP/article/view/323/225
https://revista.ibraspp.com.br/RBDPP/article/view/323/257
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2020 Sarah Ribeiro, Rodrigo Régnier Chemim Guimaães
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2020 Sarah Ribeiro, Rodrigo Régnier Chemim Guimaães
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
text/xml
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual Penal - IBRASPP
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual Penal - IBRASPP
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv Brazilian Journal of Criminal Procedure; Vol. 6 No. 2 (2020); 835-872
Revista Brasileña de Derecho Procesal Penal; Vol. 6 Núm. 2 (2020); 835-872
Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal; V. 6 N. 2 (2020); 835-872
Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal; v. 6 n. 2 (2020); 835-872
2525-510X
10.22197/rbdpp.v6i2
reponame:Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal (Online)
instname:Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual Penal (IBRASPP)
instacron:IBRASPP
instname_str Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual Penal (IBRASPP)
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reponame_str Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal (Online)
collection Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal (Online)
repository.name.fl_str_mv Revista Brasileira de Direito Processual Penal (Online) - Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Processual Penal (IBRASPP)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv revista@ibraspp.com.br
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