Spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Digital do Instituto Evandro Chagas (Patuá) |
Texto Completo: | https://patua.iec.gov.br/handle/iec/4579 |
Resumo: | The human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) can be transmitted between humans by mechanisms associated with horizontal and vertical routes. Recently, high prevalence rates and levels of genetic diversity for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were detected among people who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) in the Brazilian state of Pará. None of the PWUDs with HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 were aware of their carrier condition of the retrovirus, and they ability to spread it to their family group, sexual partners, and other contacts. Thus, this study evaluated the presence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in families of PWUDs in the state of Pará, in Northern Brazil. This descriptive study used convenience sampling and accessed 37 PWUDs and their respective families (n = 97) in 18 municipalities in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. All participants provided personal data and were tested for the presence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. HTLV positive samples were selected for Nested-PCR, and viral genotyping by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 infections were detected in 15 families of PWUDs: 27 family members of PWUDs were infected with HTLV-1 (27.8%) and another 20 of them with HTLV-2 (20.6%). Subtypes 1a [subgroup A (54.5%)], 2b (20.5%), and 2c (25.0%) were detected. High horizontal (76.9%) and vertical (61.4%) transmission rates of HTLV were ascertained. Factors that facilitate the acquisition and transmission of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were reported by the participants, such as long-term relationships, unprotected sex, breastfeeding, and lack of knowledge about the condition of being a carrier of the retrovirus. Evidence indicates intrafamilial transmission of HTLV from PWUDs to members of their respective families. Key interventions should urgently be employed for the control and prevention of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 to reduce the spread of this retrovirus in PWUDs and the general population in Northern Brazil and elsewhere. |
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Oliveira Filho, Aldemir Branco deFrade, Paula Cristina RodriguesFonseca, Ricardo Roberto de SouzaSawada, LeilaMartins, Luísa CarícioMachado, Luiz Fernando AlmeidaVallinoto, Antonio Carlos RosárioIshak, RicardoLemos, José Alexandre Rodrigues deFischer, BenediktKupek, Emil2022-07-04T17:39:15Z2022-07-04T17:39:15Z2022OLIVEIRA FILHO, Aldemir Branco de et al. Spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil. Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 13, Article 889948, June 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889948. Acesso em: 04 jul. 2022.1664-302Xhttps://patua.iec.gov.br/handle/iec/457910.3389/fmicb.2022.889948The human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) can be transmitted between humans by mechanisms associated with horizontal and vertical routes. Recently, high prevalence rates and levels of genetic diversity for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were detected among people who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) in the Brazilian state of Pará. None of the PWUDs with HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 were aware of their carrier condition of the retrovirus, and they ability to spread it to their family group, sexual partners, and other contacts. Thus, this study evaluated the presence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in families of PWUDs in the state of Pará, in Northern Brazil. This descriptive study used convenience sampling and accessed 37 PWUDs and their respective families (n = 97) in 18 municipalities in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. All participants provided personal data and were tested for the presence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. HTLV positive samples were selected for Nested-PCR, and viral genotyping by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 infections were detected in 15 families of PWUDs: 27 family members of PWUDs were infected with HTLV-1 (27.8%) and another 20 of them with HTLV-2 (20.6%). Subtypes 1a [subgroup A (54.5%)], 2b (20.5%), and 2c (25.0%) were detected. High horizontal (76.9%) and vertical (61.4%) transmission rates of HTLV were ascertained. Factors that facilitate the acquisition and transmission of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were reported by the participants, such as long-term relationships, unprotected sex, breastfeeding, and lack of knowledge about the condition of being a carrier of the retrovirus. Evidence indicates intrafamilial transmission of HTLV from PWUDs to members of their respective families. Key interventions should urgently be employed for the control and prevention of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 to reduce the spread of this retrovirus in PWUDs and the general population in Northern Brazil and elsewhere.Ministério da Saúde/Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (MS/SVS – TC 318/2013), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ – Proc. 475142/2013-6). AV (#301869/2017-0) and RI (#312979/2018-5) received financial support from CNPQ.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Estudos Costeiros. Bragança, PA, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Pará. Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais. Belém, PA, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Pará. Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais. Belém, PA, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Pará. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários. Belém, PA, BrazilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Pará. Programa de Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais. Belém, PA, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Pará. Núcleo de Medicina Tropical. Belém, PA, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Pará. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários. Belém, PA, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Belém, PA, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Pará. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários. Belém, PA, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Belém, PA, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Pará. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários. Belém, PA, Brazil / Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Belém, PA, BrazilUniversidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Belém, PA, BrazilUniversity of Auckland. Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences. Grafton, New Zealand / Simon Fraser University. Faculty of Health Sciences. Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health and Addiction. Vancouver, BC, Canada,Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Departamento de Saúde Pública. Florianópolis, SC, BrazilengFrontiers MediaSpread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazilinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleVírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano / patogenicidadeVírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano / patogenicidadeInfecções por HTLV-I / transmissãoInfecções por HTLV-II / transmissãoDrogas IlícitasUsuários de Drogasinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Digital do Instituto Evandro Chagas (Patuá)instname:Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC)instacron:IECORIGINALSpread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil.pdfSpread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil.pdfapplication/pdf1422351https://patua.iec.gov.br/bitstreams/c8ec0969-0809-4e70-8eb6-3082edec6c03/downloada2c658a411233f723e4cb471393c666eMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-82182https://patua.iec.gov.br/bitstreams/b126348f-5a0f-4f08-92db-15894ed32438/download11832eea31b16df8613079d742d61793MD52TEXTSpread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil.pdf.txtSpread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain62894https://patua.iec.gov.br/bitstreams/011bfc4b-4d8f-427a-92ca-94719ab7fcef/download41802e9ec80a72048972ab4565ee5d80MD55THUMBNAILSpread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil.pdf.jpgSpread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5489https://patua.iec.gov.br/bitstreams/759c0469-af31-4507-ac02-385d3c3f6476/downloadc8cd391e5bd7aac1c7522935abcddb99MD56iec/45792022-10-20 21:08:47.146oai:patua.iec.gov.br:iec/4579https://patua.iec.gov.brRepositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://patua.iec.gov.br/oai/requestclariceneta@iec.gov.br || Biblioteca@iec.gov.bropendoar:2022-10-20T21:08:47Repositório Digital do Instituto Evandro Chagas (Patuá) - 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dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil |
title |
Spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil |
spellingShingle |
Spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil Oliveira Filho, Aldemir Branco de Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano / patogenicidade Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano / patogenicidade Infecções por HTLV-I / transmissão Infecções por HTLV-II / transmissão Drogas Ilícitas Usuários de Drogas |
title_short |
Spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil |
title_full |
Spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil |
title_fullStr |
Spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil |
title_sort |
Spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil |
author |
Oliveira Filho, Aldemir Branco de |
author_facet |
Oliveira Filho, Aldemir Branco de Frade, Paula Cristina Rodrigues Fonseca, Ricardo Roberto de Souza Sawada, Leila Martins, Luísa Carício Machado, Luiz Fernando Almeida Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário Ishak, Ricardo Lemos, José Alexandre Rodrigues de Fischer, Benedikt Kupek, Emil |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Frade, Paula Cristina Rodrigues Fonseca, Ricardo Roberto de Souza Sawada, Leila Martins, Luísa Carício Machado, Luiz Fernando Almeida Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário Ishak, Ricardo Lemos, José Alexandre Rodrigues de Fischer, Benedikt Kupek, Emil |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Oliveira Filho, Aldemir Branco de Frade, Paula Cristina Rodrigues Fonseca, Ricardo Roberto de Souza Sawada, Leila Martins, Luísa Carício Machado, Luiz Fernando Almeida Vallinoto, Antonio Carlos Rosário Ishak, Ricardo Lemos, José Alexandre Rodrigues de Fischer, Benedikt Kupek, Emil |
dc.subject.decsPrimary.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano / patogenicidade Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano / patogenicidade Infecções por HTLV-I / transmissão Infecções por HTLV-II / transmissão Drogas Ilícitas |
topic |
Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano / patogenicidade Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano / patogenicidade Infecções por HTLV-I / transmissão Infecções por HTLV-II / transmissão Drogas Ilícitas Usuários de Drogas |
dc.subject.decsPrimary.transmissão.fl_str_mv |
Usuários de Drogas |
description |
The human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) can be transmitted between humans by mechanisms associated with horizontal and vertical routes. Recently, high prevalence rates and levels of genetic diversity for HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were detected among people who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) in the Brazilian state of Pará. None of the PWUDs with HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 were aware of their carrier condition of the retrovirus, and they ability to spread it to their family group, sexual partners, and other contacts. Thus, this study evaluated the presence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 in families of PWUDs in the state of Pará, in Northern Brazil. This descriptive study used convenience sampling and accessed 37 PWUDs and their respective families (n = 97) in 18 municipalities in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. All participants provided personal data and were tested for the presence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. HTLV positive samples were selected for Nested-PCR, and viral genotyping by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 infections were detected in 15 families of PWUDs: 27 family members of PWUDs were infected with HTLV-1 (27.8%) and another 20 of them with HTLV-2 (20.6%). Subtypes 1a [subgroup A (54.5%)], 2b (20.5%), and 2c (25.0%) were detected. High horizontal (76.9%) and vertical (61.4%) transmission rates of HTLV were ascertained. Factors that facilitate the acquisition and transmission of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 were reported by the participants, such as long-term relationships, unprotected sex, breastfeeding, and lack of knowledge about the condition of being a carrier of the retrovirus. Evidence indicates intrafamilial transmission of HTLV from PWUDs to members of their respective families. Key interventions should urgently be employed for the control and prevention of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 to reduce the spread of this retrovirus in PWUDs and the general population in Northern Brazil and elsewhere. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-04T17:39:15Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-04T17:39:15Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2022 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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article |
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publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
OLIVEIRA FILHO, Aldemir Branco de et al. Spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil. Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 13, Article 889948, June 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889948. Acesso em: 04 jul. 2022. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://patua.iec.gov.br/handle/iec/4579 |
dc.identifier.issn.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
1664-302X |
dc.identifier.doi.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
10.3389/fmicb.2022.889948 |
identifier_str_mv |
OLIVEIRA FILHO, Aldemir Branco de et al. Spread of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 among relatives of people who use illicit drugs in Northern Brazil. Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 13, Article 889948, June 2022. DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889948. Acesso em: 04 jul. 2022. 1664-302X 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889948 |
url |
https://patua.iec.gov.br/handle/iec/4579 |
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eng |
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eng |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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Frontiers Media |
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Frontiers Media |
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