O modelo jurídico jurisprudencial como reserva de justiça penal: casos paradigmáticos

• Autor(a) principal: Pujol, Sebastião Augusto de Camargo
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5606
• topic: Modelo jurídico-jurisprudencial; Jurisprudência dos conceitos; Jurisprudência dos valores; Jurisprudence legal model; Jurisprudence of concepts; Jurisprudence of values; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::DIREITO::TEORIA DO DIREITO::FILOSOFIA DO DIREITO

For a long time the science of law was conceived from the perspective of jurisprudence of concepts, leading to a static conception of the phenomenon of normativity, with a preponderance of logical and systematic methodology and conceptualism of laws represented by the image of the pyramid of concepts . From the Enlightenment it became usual to assert that there is no criminal justice that is not based on criminal law. The criminal legal model ruled absolute, with the principle of legality in criminal proceedings predominating. However, lack of good judgment by the legislators led to a significant number of unreasonable criminal laws and flawed criminal types, making the role of jurisprudence increasingly more important in solving criminal cases and filling gaps in the law. Hence the growing importance of the jurisprudence legal model for the development of the science of criminal law. Thus the influx into legal science of jurisprudence of interests takes place, where interests, vital needs, desires, expectations and roles are understood as causal factors of law. Later, under the auspices of the neo-Kantianism of the western-southern school , jurisprudence of values in legal science develops, in which values are to be regarded as one of the factors relevant to the interpretation of the law. The adoption of the jurisprudence legal model brings a dynamic perspective to the interpretation and implementation of the law consistent with the legal three-dimensionalism postulated by Miguel Reale, where fact, value and rule of law become part of a dialectical context of implication and polarity. And in line with this, the present thesis promotes the immersion of these scientific ideas in the field of criminal law on the understanding that this branch occupies a central position in the legal order and political system expressed by it. And that it is in criminal treatment that legal relations between government and individual liberty are manifested in a more sensitive and sometimes dramatic way. If jurisprudence of concepts and legal positivism have shaped the science of criminal law according to the formalism of types of offenses, the fact remains that jurisprudence of values is imposed together with the three-dimensional structure of the law to cover fact, value and rule of law, so that the offense has an evaluative content immersed in a cultural and historical atmosphere in accordance with the postulates of legal culture. Thus the role of law predominates in criminal justice, establishing the values protected by the rule of law and evaluating human behavior by the social-ethical criteria of its existence, considering man not only from the abstract standpoint of rationality, but also considering the concrete being with his irrational unconscious. Finally, some paradigmatic cases are presented to strengthen the relevance of the role of jurisprudence to Criminal Justice and we may highlight the case of the first sex reassignment surgery which took place in Brazil back in 1970, when the surgeon was criminally prosecuted for practicing serious bodily harm. Forty years on from this episode, there has been social evolution and a change of values, with this type of surgery today being regulated by the Federal Council of Medicine. Put another way, we may say there has been no change in criminal law, but rather a change in social values and these changes are measured by case law, which facilitates the promotion of justice, one of the highest constitutional values explicitly mentioned in the Preamble to the Constitution of 1988