A descoberta da neurociência como fonte de compreensão do desenvolvimento da criança de zero a cinco anos

• Autor(a) principal: Mazotti, Cinira Moreira Giacone
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_SP
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.pucsp.br/jspui/handle/handle/31040
• topic: CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM; Educação infantil; Desenvolvimento humano; Criança de zero a cinco anos; Neurociência; Early childhood education; Human development; 0-5 year-olds; Neuroscience

This study aims to analyze the contributions of Neuroscience to the understanding of 0-5 year-olds development. It started with a basic bibliography, expanded in the research process with literature and exploratory nature. First it rescued the guidelines related to the early childhood education context, from its inception until today, from the Motherland Legislation, understanding the child as a (total, indivisible) biopsychosocial being, historical agent, and the training process protagonist. Then it presented the elaborated human development theories in the twentieth century with the perspective of Evolutionary Psychology. These theories provided the human development understanding contributing to new programs and practices in the context of early childhood education. Simultaneously, from the mid-twentieth century, Neuroscience appeared in Biomedical Sciences, as a result of the junction of disciplines investigating the nervous system. Neuroscientists have carried out studies, research and produced a group of knowledge which is found principles that explain how biological processes occur in human development (children, in this case). The nervous system, biological structure linked to human development, has properties that allow humans to interact, communicate and guide their behavior to their survival and adaptation to the environment: a) information processing: capture, encode, transform and relaying internal and external information to the living organism b) the abiliy to make new connections, the synapse, and change their efficiency, strengthening them by stabilizing them or removing them when weakened so as they create new associations, that is the basis of learning, c) the plasticity: the nervous system ability to modify itself, to reorganize whenever any form of energy (= information) from the environment, from a traumatic injury to the subtle changes resulting from learning process in some way relates to it. 0-5 year-olds, specifically, during the critical period (childhood), under the external environment influence, the nervous system is more susceptible to change and there is an increased number of synapses, factors that accelerate their growth and development. Carrying out a greater number of synapses and changing their efficiency - to strengthen, stabilize or eliminate - creating new possibilities of associations, the nervous system optimizes learning processes, and the 0-5 year-olds development. This period is also crucial for the establishment of the individual physiological and psychological characteristics. So the first five years in humans become the crucial period for their development