Experimental Models as Refined Translational Tools for Breast Cancer Research

• Autor(a) principal: Costa, Eduardo
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Outros Autores: Ferreira-Gonçalves, Tânia, Chasqueira, Gonçalo, Cabrita, António S., Figueiredo, Isabel V., Reis, Catarina Pinto
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
• Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10316/106693; https://doi.org/10.3390/scipharm88030032
• topic: oncology; breast cancer; experimental models; animal models; in vitro; in silico; pharmacological testing; strategies of drug development

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, which makes it a very impactful malignancy in the society. Breast cancers can be classified through di erent systems based on the main tumor features and gene, protein, and cell receptors expression, which will determine the most advisable therapeutic course and expected outcomes. Multiple therapeutic options have already been proposed and implemented for breast cancer treatment. Nonetheless, their use and e cacy still greatly depend on the tumor classification, and treatments are commonly associated with invasiveness, pain, discomfort, severe side e ects, and poor specificity. This has demanded an investment in the research of the mechanisms behind the disease progression, evolution, and associated risk factors, and on novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. However, advances in the understanding and assessment of breast cancer are dependent on the ability to mimic the properties and microenvironment of tumors in vivo, which can be achieved through experimentation on animal models. This review covers an overview of the main animal models used in breast cancer research, namely in vitro models, in vivo models, in silico models, and other models. For each model, the main characteristics, advantages, and challenges associated to their use are highlighted.