WhatsApp and audio misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10071/26541 |
Resumo: | Given user choices and the commercial offerings of internet providers, WhatsApp has increasingly become established as a new standard for communication by audio, image, and text. This paper explores the role of misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic by using content disseminated through WhatsApp, thereby making three main contributions: a discussion about the potential shift toward nontextual and nonvisual forms of misinformation; the new social role of audio, namely related to the critique of policies and political actors during the early stage of the Covid-19 pandemic; and the questioning of the First Draft News disinformation conceptual model by proposing a complementary approach that focuses only on factuality. Conclusions were drawn after conducting a content analysis of 988 units of Covid-19-related audio files, images, videos, and texts shared via WhatsApp during the early stage of the pandemic. A typology was identified to address distinct claims that focus on five different topics (society, policy and politics, health science, pandemic, and other), as well as audio messaging trending as a novel format for spreading misinformation. The results help us to contextualize and discuss a potential shift toward nontextual and nonvisual forms of misinformation, reflecting the increasing adoption of the audio format among WhatsApp users and making WhatsApp a fertile environment for the circulation and dissemination of misinformation regarding Covid-19-related themes. In a society characterized by the rapid consumption of information, the idea that content must have a degree of falsehood to mislead is an indicator of the distance between theoretical models and social reality. This indicator is important to identify true content as potential misinformation on the basis of its factuality. |
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WhatsApp and audio misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemicMisinformationCovid-19CoronavirusWhatsAppPandemicCommunicationHealthSocietyAudioWHOWorld Health OrganizationGiven user choices and the commercial offerings of internet providers, WhatsApp has increasingly become established as a new standard for communication by audio, image, and text. This paper explores the role of misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic by using content disseminated through WhatsApp, thereby making three main contributions: a discussion about the potential shift toward nontextual and nonvisual forms of misinformation; the new social role of audio, namely related to the critique of policies and political actors during the early stage of the Covid-19 pandemic; and the questioning of the First Draft News disinformation conceptual model by proposing a complementary approach that focuses only on factuality. Conclusions were drawn after conducting a content analysis of 988 units of Covid-19-related audio files, images, videos, and texts shared via WhatsApp during the early stage of the pandemic. A typology was identified to address distinct claims that focus on five different topics (society, policy and politics, health science, pandemic, and other), as well as audio messaging trending as a novel format for spreading misinformation. The results help us to contextualize and discuss a potential shift toward nontextual and nonvisual forms of misinformation, reflecting the increasing adoption of the audio format among WhatsApp users and making WhatsApp a fertile environment for the circulation and dissemination of misinformation regarding Covid-19-related themes. In a society characterized by the rapid consumption of information, the idea that content must have a degree of falsehood to mislead is an indicator of the distance between theoretical models and social reality. This indicator is important to identify true content as potential misinformation on the basis of its factuality.Ediciones Profesionales de la Informacion2022-12-05T17:24:44Z2022-01-01T00:00:00Z20222022-12-05T17:23:39Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10071/26541eng1386-671010.3145/epi.2022.may.21Cardoso, G.Sepúlveda, R.Narciso, I.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-11-09T18:02:42Zoai:repositorio.iscte-iul.pt:10071/26541Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T22:33:54.713256Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
WhatsApp and audio misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic |
title |
WhatsApp and audio misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic |
spellingShingle |
WhatsApp and audio misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic Cardoso, G. Misinformation Covid-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Communication Health Society Audio WHO World Health Organization |
title_short |
WhatsApp and audio misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic |
title_full |
WhatsApp and audio misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic |
title_fullStr |
WhatsApp and audio misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic |
title_full_unstemmed |
WhatsApp and audio misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic |
title_sort |
WhatsApp and audio misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic |
author |
Cardoso, G. |
author_facet |
Cardoso, G. Sepúlveda, R. Narciso, I. |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Sepúlveda, R. Narciso, I. |
author2_role |
author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Cardoso, G. Sepúlveda, R. Narciso, I. |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Misinformation Covid-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Communication Health Society Audio WHO World Health Organization |
topic |
Misinformation Covid-19 Coronavirus Pandemic Communication Health Society Audio WHO World Health Organization |
description |
Given user choices and the commercial offerings of internet providers, WhatsApp has increasingly become established as a new standard for communication by audio, image, and text. This paper explores the role of misinformation during the Covid-19 pandemic by using content disseminated through WhatsApp, thereby making three main contributions: a discussion about the potential shift toward nontextual and nonvisual forms of misinformation; the new social role of audio, namely related to the critique of policies and political actors during the early stage of the Covid-19 pandemic; and the questioning of the First Draft News disinformation conceptual model by proposing a complementary approach that focuses only on factuality. Conclusions were drawn after conducting a content analysis of 988 units of Covid-19-related audio files, images, videos, and texts shared via WhatsApp during the early stage of the pandemic. A typology was identified to address distinct claims that focus on five different topics (society, policy and politics, health science, pandemic, and other), as well as audio messaging trending as a novel format for spreading misinformation. The results help us to contextualize and discuss a potential shift toward nontextual and nonvisual forms of misinformation, reflecting the increasing adoption of the audio format among WhatsApp users and making WhatsApp a fertile environment for the circulation and dissemination of misinformation regarding Covid-19-related themes. In a society characterized by the rapid consumption of information, the idea that content must have a degree of falsehood to mislead is an indicator of the distance between theoretical models and social reality. This indicator is important to identify true content as potential misinformation on the basis of its factuality. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-12-05T17:24:44Z 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z 2022 2022-12-05T17:23:39Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10071/26541 |
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http://hdl.handle.net/10071/26541 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
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1386-6710 10.3145/epi.2022.may.21 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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Ediciones Profesionales de la Informacion |
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Ediciones Profesionales de la Informacion |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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