Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Miranda, Sandra
Data de Publicação: 2023
Outros Autores: Gouveia, Célia, Di Fátima, Branco, Antunes, Ana Cristina
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
Texto Completo: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/16258
Resumo: This article examines how Facebook is shaping the nature of hate speech. The observation field is the Facebook pages of the 18 Portuguese football clubs of the Portuguese League – the main professional competition in the country. Data extraction was performed automatically via Facebook Graph API in the first three months of the 2020/2021 season. The analysed dataset has 5,192 publications and 276,231 fan comments, which regis-tered over 5 million reactions (like, haha, love, sad, wow, etc.). The findings reveal that the volume of hate speech material on Facebook pages has a low incidence. In any case, the most significant comments are racists, xenophobes, and regional antagonisms. These cases are also the ones that have attracted the most reactions from fans.
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spelling Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on FacebookHate speechCyber hateSoccerSocial mediaPortugalThis article examines how Facebook is shaping the nature of hate speech. The observation field is the Facebook pages of the 18 Portuguese football clubs of the Portuguese League – the main professional competition in the country. Data extraction was performed automatically via Facebook Graph API in the first three months of the 2020/2021 season. The analysed dataset has 5,192 publications and 276,231 fan comments, which regis-tered over 5 million reactions (like, haha, love, sad, wow, etc.). The findings reveal that the volume of hate speech material on Facebook pages has a low incidence. In any case, the most significant comments are racists, xenophobes, and regional antagonisms. These cases are also the ones that have attracted the most reactions from fans.Taylor & FrancisRCIPLMiranda, SandraGouveia, CéliaDi Fátima, BrancoAntunes, Ana Cristina2023-06-30T08:53:12Z2023-06-292023-06-29T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/16258engMiranda, S., Gouveia, C., Di Fátima, B. & Antunes, A.C. (2023). Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook. Soccer & Society, 24(5), 1-16. DOI: 10.1080/14660970.2023.22304521466-097010.1080/14660970.2023.22304521743-9590info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2023-08-03T10:14:43Zoai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/16258Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-19T20:23:49.568835Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook
title Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook
spellingShingle Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook
Miranda, Sandra
Hate speech
Cyber hate
Soccer
Social media
Portugal
title_short Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook
title_full Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook
title_fullStr Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook
title_full_unstemmed Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook
title_sort Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook
author Miranda, Sandra
author_facet Miranda, Sandra
Gouveia, Célia
Di Fátima, Branco
Antunes, Ana Cristina
author_role author
author2 Gouveia, Célia
Di Fátima, Branco
Antunes, Ana Cristina
author2_role author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv RCIPL
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Miranda, Sandra
Gouveia, Célia
Di Fátima, Branco
Antunes, Ana Cristina
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Hate speech
Cyber hate
Soccer
Social media
Portugal
topic Hate speech
Cyber hate
Soccer
Social media
Portugal
description This article examines how Facebook is shaping the nature of hate speech. The observation field is the Facebook pages of the 18 Portuguese football clubs of the Portuguese League – the main professional competition in the country. Data extraction was performed automatically via Facebook Graph API in the first three months of the 2020/2021 season. The analysed dataset has 5,192 publications and 276,231 fan comments, which regis-tered over 5 million reactions (like, haha, love, sad, wow, etc.). The findings reveal that the volume of hate speech material on Facebook pages has a low incidence. In any case, the most significant comments are racists, xenophobes, and regional antagonisms. These cases are also the ones that have attracted the most reactions from fans.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-06-30T08:53:12Z
2023-06-29
2023-06-29T00:00:00Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/16258
url http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/16258
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv Miranda, S., Gouveia, C., Di Fátima, B. & Antunes, A.C. (2023). Hate speech on social media: behaviour of Portuguese football fans on Facebook. Soccer & Society, 24(5), 1-16. DOI: 10.1080/14660970.2023.2230452
1466-0970
10.1080/14660970.2023.2230452
1743-9590
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Taylor & Francis
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Taylor & Francis
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron:RCAAP
instname_str Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
instacron_str RCAAP
institution RCAAP
reponame_str Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
collection Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação
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