AS HABILIDADES DE COMPREENSÃO LEITORA EM LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA E INGLÊS: ANÁLISE DE ITENS DO ENEM

• Autor(a) principal: MARTINI, ANA MARIELLI BORBA
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UNICENTRO
• Texto Completo: http://tede.unicentro.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1429
• topic: processo de leitura; habilidades; competências; questões de compreensão leitora do ENEM; reading process; skills; competences; ENEM items; LINGUISTICA, LETRAS E ARTES

The development of reading skills in Portuguese and English is essential for the students/candidates to be able to present a satisfactory performance to access Higher Education, as well as to meet the academic, professional and social demands. This research aims to analyse which are the skills required by ENEM in Portuguese and English items and verify if these skills are developed in reading comprehension questions proposed by public schools textbooks. The review of literature presents some concepts related to the reading comprehension process, the main theoretical models of reading and the differences between reading in the mother tongue and in the foreign language. Then, the terms competence and skill are presented, according to the theoretical construct adopted by Inep. In the sequence, there is information about ENEM, such as the Cognitive Axes, the Reference Matrix for the section Languages, codes and their technologies (which discriminates the skills that are evaluated), how the grade is calculated, the averages of the last years and the contextual factors that have influenced the Exam results. Finally, the textbook selection process is presented by the National Book and Didactic Material Program (PNLD), mainly the section on reading. The reasearch corpus is made up of 60 reading comprehension questions in Portuguese (extracted from Português contemporâneo: diálogo, reflexão e uso series) and 60 in English (from Learn and Share in English series), totaling 120 questions. The analysis of these questions is based on the skills provided in the Reference Matrix for the section Languages, codes and their technologies, which has six area competencies (1, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9), which add up to twenty skills, for Portuguese language and an area competence (2) and four skills for Modern Foreign Languages – English. The results show that the Portuguese series develops thirteen of the twenty skills provided in the Matrix, which represents 65% of the skills assessed in ENEM. These skills are comprised in competencies areas 5, 6, 7 and 8, with an emphasis on 5 (which represents 34.37% of occurrences), followed by 7 (30.19%), 8 (24.99%) and 6 (10.41%). Among the most frequent skills (i.e., those that represent more than 10%), there are H15 (15.62%), H16 (12.5%), H24 (11.45%) and H26 (10.41%); skills from the areas 1 and 9 were not identified. The English textbooks develop three of the four skills provided in the Matrix, which represents 75% of the skills required by ENEM. Skills H5, H6 and H7 were identified, with an emphasis on H6 (64.05%); H8 was not identified in any questions. On the whole, it can be stated that both collections develop most of the skills required by ENEM, however, there are some gaps in the process of teaching and learning of those.