Alimentação escolar e avaliação nutricional dos alunos do ensino fundamental das escolas municipais de Lavras - MG

• Autor(a) principal: Flávio, Eliete Fernandes
• Data de Publicação: 2006
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFLA
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufla.br/jspui/handle/1/2838
• topic: Alimentação escolar; Merenda escolar - Composição química; Crianças - Nutrição; Antropometria; School feeding; Anthropometry; CNPQ_NÃO_INFORMADO

The objective of this work was to evaluate school meals (SM) offered to elementary students from urban municipal schools (US) and rural municipal schools (RS) of Lavras, MG. The following aspects were evaluated: chemical and sensorial aspects, adhesion to the Programa de Alimentação Escolar (PAE - School Feeding Program) and adjustment of school feeding to the goal of offering 15% of the nutritional needs proposed by the Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (National School Feeding Program). The nutritional state of the students, based on anthropometric state, home feeding and social-environmental aspects, was also evaluated. The data was randomly collected in 2004 from 835 elementary students registered in all municipal school units (MSU) of Lavras, MG. The chemical composition analysis of the SM presented daily average values of 189kcal, 7.5g of protein, 72.9mg of Ca, 16.7mg of Mg, 2.2mg of Fe and 1.4mg of Zn. The acceptance tests indicated values >85% for most of the meals evaluated. Fifteen of the sixteen MSU were offering only half of the calories and calcium of the 15% goal. 76.5% of the students that were interviewed presented a weak adhesion (consumption of SM up to 3 times/week) to the PAE, 20.1% presented a strong adhesion (consumption of SM >4 times/week) and 3.4% presented no adhesion. The evaluation of the preference of meals revealed that those that had rice as basic ingredient, followed by pasta, presented the highest choice percentage, being 89.7% and 34.1%, respectively. The meal "arroz temperado" (rice with spices) was preferred by 58% of the interviewed students, followed by 31% for "arroz doce" (sweet rice), and 25% for pasta. Anthropometry showed that 9.3% of the students were under weight, 81.2% presented adequate weight, 7.1% were over weight and 2.4% were obese. The percentage of mothers and fathers of the US students that could not read (2.9%) was the same, but among the RS students it was observed that (9.5%) of the fathers and (3.6%) of the mothers could not read. 69% of the mothers of RS students and 37.4% of the mothers of US students had studied an average of four years. Food consumption of most of the students was similar between RS and US students. A low consumption of fruits, vegetables, meat and milk was observed. A great majority had the habit of eating rice and beans in the same meal every day. The social-environmental conditions of the RS and US students were quite different. The US students presented better conditions (however inadequate) in relation to parent education and family income. The nutritional diagnosis of under weight and overweight students was associated to families with monthly income from one to two minimum salaries. The students that presented obesity were from families with a monthly income of two to three minimum salaries.