Padrões alimentares de cardápios executados no Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar e seus determinantes : primeiro diagnóstico nacional anterior à Lei 11.947

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Lucas de Andrade
• Data de Publicação: 2022
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/17724
• topic: Nutrição; Cardápios; Merenda escolar; Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (Brasil); Cardápios escolares; Padrões alimentares; National School Feeding Program; School menus; Food standard; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

The National School Feeding Program consolidates itself as one of the most enduring public policies in the field of food and nutrition in the country. Universal and free of charge, it contributes to guaranteeing the Human Right to Adequate Food for millions of Brazilian students. In this context, the school menu is an important tool for the operationalization of the program, since it incorporates all the principles and regulations that guide it. Thus, identifying the dietary pattern present in these menus and its determinants becomes important, due to the scarcity of studies at the national level, especially those that identify the patterns through the analysis of main components and prior to the implementation of Law 11.947/09. Given this context, the objective of this work is to analyze the dietary patterns of menus performed in school units assisted by the National School Feeding Program and related aspects. For this, unpublished secondary data will be used from an observational study of transversal character and quantitative approach entitled "National Survey of Food Consumption and Nutritional Profile of Schoolchildren, Management Model and Social Control of the National School Feeding Program - PNAE", carried out in the period from 2006 to 2008, in which 1,112 schools located in 694 Brazilian municipalities were evaluated. The dietary patterns were identified according to the foods present in the menus performed, through factor analysis with extraction by principal components. Menus were evaluated by directly weighing all foods offered on the day of data collection at school, at all meals. The independent variables came from other questionnaires applied in the schools selected in the research. For the multiple analysis, the Generalized Linear Model was used to assess the association of dietary patterns with socioeconomic determinants, location, management and infrastructure of school units. The analyzes considered a significance level of 0.05. As this study used secondary data, submission to the Ethics and Research Committee was not necessary. Four food consumption patterns were identified: “milk with chocolate and cookies” and “sweetened drinks and snacks”; both markers of unhealthy food consumption; and the “regional vegetables and vegetables, meats and beans” standards; and “rice, couscous and porridge”. I conclude that patterns with less healthy characteristics and with a greater presence of ultra-processed foods (“milk and cookies” and “sweetened drinks and sandwiches”) are associated with Brazilian regions other than the Southeast, with types of mixed or schooled management in relation to the transfer of funds. resources and the existence of training for cooks. Having electricity at school, access to water, school feeding agents with a public service examination and being outsourced management are aspects that reduce adherence to the “milk with cookies” standard. The “regional vegetables and vegetables, meats and beans” pattern is associated with the municipal network and management by an outsourced company. Finally, I conclude that the pattern of “rice, couscous and porridges” is associated with menus planned by a nutritionist, while they are less prevalent in schools in the municipal education network, especially in the Northeast, and in schools whose lunch ladies receive training