A experimentação e o ensino de ciências : diferentes abordagens nas aulas de química

• Autor(a) principal: Gois, Crislaine Barreto de
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5141
• topic: Química; Ensino de química; Ensino de ciências; Aprendizagem; Educação; Experimentos; Professores de química; Chemistry; Education; Teaching of sciences; CNPQ::OUTROS::CIENCIAS

This research had as main objective to characterize, through a discursive analysis of the dynamics of the classroom, the way how the chemistry teachers of the Sergipe harsh develop practical classes involving experiments. Much has been said about the importance given to experimentation in science teaching and how it contributes to the process of teaching and learning chemistry. However, few teachers are clear about the different types of approach to experimentation and how these approaches can contribute to the learning of concepts and a good perception of the nature of science and scientific knowledge. In this sense, we consider it essential to understand how teachers make use of experimentation in the classroom, given an environment still poorly investigated, as the rugged region of the state of Sergipe. We also believe that the discussion on the different ways of approach to experimentation, through a description of the discursive dynamics of the classroom, can help teachers to rethink their practice in a clearer and more objective criteria way. Initially, we interviewed five chemistry teachers who work in schools that make up the Regional Board of Education 3 (DRE3) in the State Schools. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed with a view to checking indicative of how teachers approached the trial in their daily practice, based on categories found in the literature, namely: demonstrative, verificationist and investigative. Thus, we consider that two teachers alternated investigative and demonstrative approaches. Other two teachers used in experimentation and demonstration verificationist way. Finally, one said not to make use of experimental activities in their classes. We also verified that all the teachers interviewed emphasized the motivating character of experiential activities for students. Then we select two of these teachers to collect data in the classroom. Drawing on ethnographic research perspective, we watched some lessons of both teachers and filmed a lesson involving experimental activities of each one. For analysis of these classes, we construct maps of episodes, which favored a better view of the same. The discursive interactions developed in the classes of the two teachers were analyzed on the basis of certain categories analytical tool proposed by Mortimer and Scott (2002) and expanded by Mortimer et al (2007). These categories were related to the principal approaches to trial in the literature. In this perspective, we note that the experimental approach used by one of the teachers seems like a verificationist approach, while the other seems like an investigative approach, though with some important features, such as the high degree of teacher guidance in development of all activity. Thus, it became evident the necessity of drafting a new category that considers aspects of an investigative activity, but that would take into account the strong presence of the teacher in your driving. Thus, we call this new category Investigative Guided, which is characterized by research around an issue, being up to the teacher to evaluate, to approve or not, the decisions of the students as well as to verify the concepts that anchor their actions throughout the development activity.