Avaliação do perfil lipídico e caracterização de compostos fenólicos de diferentes cultivares de noz-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch]
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/25296 |
Resumo: | The state of Rio Grande do Sul is a large producer of pecan nut due to edaphoclimatic factors that significantly contribute to its cultivation, in addition to incentives that the government offers to small and medium producers as a source of extra income. Pecan is increasingly present on the table of consumers, contributing to a healthy diet, consisting of lipids, vitamins, minerals, proteins and compounds beneficial to the body, such as phenolic compounds, whose consumption has been correlated with lower probabilities of development of several diseases due to its antioxidant action. Pecan husks are widely used in teas due to their high antioxidant power. The objective of this work is to evaluate, in the nuts and shells of nine cultivars (Barton, Chickasaw, Imperial, Importada, Jackson, Melhorada, Mohawk, Pawnee and Shawnee) from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the total lipid content, the profile of fatty acids, the antioxidant capacity, the content of total phenolic compounds and the identification and quantification of individual phenolic compounds. The lipids were determined using the Bligh-Dyer method and the fatty acids by GC-FID (gas chromatography with flame ionization detector), and these analyzes were carried out only on walnuts. Total phenolic composition by Folin-Ciocalteu, individual quantification by LC-DAD-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer) and antioxidant capacity by ORAC method (radical absorption capacity) of oxygen) were performed for both walnuts and shells. The cultivar Imperial had the lowest content of total lipids (51.15%) and the cultivar Importada the highest content (63.18%). The major fatty acid found in all cultivars was oleic, ranging from 60.75 in cultivar Melhorada to 81.21% in cultivar Shawnee, followed by linoleic fatty acid with variation from 10.44 to 29.20% in cultivars Shawnee and Improved respectively, and palmitic with a variation of 5.31 to 7.90%, in the cultivars Mohawk and Improved respectively. The total phenolic compounds ranged in walnuts from 12.82 g equivalent in gallic acid (GAE).kg-1 (Barton) to 22.07 g GAE.kg-1 (Mohawk) and in shells from 75.48 g GAE.kg. -1 (Mohawk) to 239.92 g GAE.kg-1 (Pawnee). By LC-DAD-MS/MS, about 20 compounds were identified and quantified in the walnuts without hydrolysis and 15 compounds when hydrolyzed, as for the shells, also 20 compounds were identified and quantified without the application of hydrolysis and 17 compounds when hydrolyzed. The classes of phenolics that stand out both in nuts and in hydrolyzed or non-hydrolyzed shells are hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids, with the major compounds gallic acid, ellagic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid. The antioxidant capacity varied in walnuts from 11.33 μmol equivalent in Trolox (TE).g-1 (Barton) to 150.80 μmol TE.g-1 (Pawnee) and in the shells from 53.38 μmol TE.g-1 (Mohawk) at 180.77 μmol TE.g-1 (Shawnee). Given the above, the present work brings out relevant information about the variability of lipid content, fatty acid profile, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of nuts and their shells, from different pecan cultivars sold in the state of Rio Grande do Sul , also contributing with data of great value to the pecan industry and emphasizing the benefits of consuming this fruit and using the peel as potential antioxidants in the food industry. The information about the lipid percentage that each cultivar presents may help in the correct choice of certain cultivars for the oil industry or in the choice of nuts with lower lipid contents for application in bakery or confectionery products, in order to prevent rancidity of the products. |
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2022-07-08T13:36:03Z2022-07-08T13:36:03Z2021-09-03http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/25296The state of Rio Grande do Sul is a large producer of pecan nut due to edaphoclimatic factors that significantly contribute to its cultivation, in addition to incentives that the government offers to small and medium producers as a source of extra income. Pecan is increasingly present on the table of consumers, contributing to a healthy diet, consisting of lipids, vitamins, minerals, proteins and compounds beneficial to the body, such as phenolic compounds, whose consumption has been correlated with lower probabilities of development of several diseases due to its antioxidant action. Pecan husks are widely used in teas due to their high antioxidant power. The objective of this work is to evaluate, in the nuts and shells of nine cultivars (Barton, Chickasaw, Imperial, Importada, Jackson, Melhorada, Mohawk, Pawnee and Shawnee) from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the total lipid content, the profile of fatty acids, the antioxidant capacity, the content of total phenolic compounds and the identification and quantification of individual phenolic compounds. The lipids were determined using the Bligh-Dyer method and the fatty acids by GC-FID (gas chromatography with flame ionization detector), and these analyzes were carried out only on walnuts. Total phenolic composition by Folin-Ciocalteu, individual quantification by LC-DAD-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer) and antioxidant capacity by ORAC method (radical absorption capacity) of oxygen) were performed for both walnuts and shells. The cultivar Imperial had the lowest content of total lipids (51.15%) and the cultivar Importada the highest content (63.18%). The major fatty acid found in all cultivars was oleic, ranging from 60.75 in cultivar Melhorada to 81.21% in cultivar Shawnee, followed by linoleic fatty acid with variation from 10.44 to 29.20% in cultivars Shawnee and Improved respectively, and palmitic with a variation of 5.31 to 7.90%, in the cultivars Mohawk and Improved respectively. The total phenolic compounds ranged in walnuts from 12.82 g equivalent in gallic acid (GAE).kg-1 (Barton) to 22.07 g GAE.kg-1 (Mohawk) and in shells from 75.48 g GAE.kg. -1 (Mohawk) to 239.92 g GAE.kg-1 (Pawnee). By LC-DAD-MS/MS, about 20 compounds were identified and quantified in the walnuts without hydrolysis and 15 compounds when hydrolyzed, as for the shells, also 20 compounds were identified and quantified without the application of hydrolysis and 17 compounds when hydrolyzed. The classes of phenolics that stand out both in nuts and in hydrolyzed or non-hydrolyzed shells are hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids, with the major compounds gallic acid, ellagic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid. The antioxidant capacity varied in walnuts from 11.33 μmol equivalent in Trolox (TE).g-1 (Barton) to 150.80 μmol TE.g-1 (Pawnee) and in the shells from 53.38 μmol TE.g-1 (Mohawk) at 180.77 μmol TE.g-1 (Shawnee). Given the above, the present work brings out relevant information about the variability of lipid content, fatty acid profile, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of nuts and their shells, from different pecan cultivars sold in the state of Rio Grande do Sul , also contributing with data of great value to the pecan industry and emphasizing the benefits of consuming this fruit and using the peel as potential antioxidants in the food industry. The information about the lipid percentage that each cultivar presents may help in the correct choice of certain cultivars for the oil industry or in the choice of nuts with lower lipid contents for application in bakery or confectionery products, in order to prevent rancidity of the products.O estado do Rio Grande do Sul é um grande produtor de noz-pecã devido aos fatores edafoclimáticos que contribuem significativamente para seu cultivo, além de incentivos que o governo oferece aos pequenos e médios produtores como uma fonte de renda extra. A noz-pecã está cada vez mais presente na mesa dos consumidores, contribuindo para uma alimentação saudável, sendo constituída por lipídios, vitaminas, minerais, proteínas e compostos benéficos ao organismo, como os compostos fenólicos, cujo consumo vem sendo correlacionado com menores probabilidades de desenvolvimento de diversas doenças devido sua ação antioxidante. As cascas da noz-pecã são muito utilizadas em chás devido seu alto poder antioxidante. O objetivo do presente trabalho visa avaliar, nas nozes e cascas de nove cultivares (Barton, Chickasaw, Imperial, Importada, Jackson, Melhorada, Mohawk, Pawnee e Shawnee) do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o teor de lipídios totais, o perfil de ácidos graxos, a capacidade antioxidante, o teor de compostos fenólicos totais e a identificação e quantificação de compostos fenólicos individuais. Os lipídios foram determinados através do método de Bligh-Dyer e os ácidos graxos por GC-FID (cromatografia gasosa com detector por ionização em chama), sendo que estas análises foram realizadas apenas nas nozes. A composição fenólica total por Folin-Ciocalteu, a quantificação individual por LC-DAD-MS/MS (cromatografia líquida acoplada a detector de arranjo de diodos e espectrômetro de massas triplo quadrupolo) e a capacidade antioxidante pelo método ORAC (capacidade de absorção do radical de oxigênio), foram realizadas tanto para as nozes como para as cascas. A cultivar Imperial apresentou o menor teor de lipídios totais (51,15%) e a cultivar Importada o maior teor (63,18%). O ácido graxo majoritário encontrado em todas as cultivares foi o oleico, variando de 60,75 na cultivar Melhorada a 81,21% na cultivar Shawnee, seguido do ácido graxo linoleico com variação de 10,44 a 29,20%, nas cultivares Shawnee e Melhorada respectivamente, e palmítico com variação de 5,31 a 7,90%, nas cultivares Mohawk e Melhorada respectivamente. Os compostos fenólicos totais variaram nas nozes de 12,82 g equivalentes em ácido gálico (GAE).kg-1 (Barton) a 22,07 g GAE.kg-1 (Mohawk) e nas cascas de 75,48 g GAE.kg-1 (Mohawk) a 239,92 g GAE.kg-1 (Pawnee). Por LC-DAD-MS/MS, foram identificados e quantificados cerca de 20 compostos nas nozes sem hidrólise e 15 compostos quando hidrolisadas, já para as cascas, também 20 compostos foram identificados e quantificados sem a aplicação da hidrólise e 17 compostos quando hidrolisadas. As classes de fenólicos que se destacam tanto nas nozes como nas cascas hidrolisadas ou não, são as dos ácidos hidroxibenzóicos e hidroxicinâmicos, e flavonoides, com os compostos majoritários ácido gálico, ácido elágico, ácido 4-hidroxibenzóico e ácido protocatecuico. A capacidade antioxidante variou nas nozes de 11,33 μmol equivalente em Trolox (TE).g-1 (Barton) a 150,80 μmol TE.g-1 (Pawnee) e nas cascas de 53,38 μmol TE.g-1 (Mohawk) a 180,77 μmol TE.g-1 (Shawnee). Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho traz à tona informações relevantes sobre a variabilidade do teor lipídico, perfil de ácidos graxos, composição fenólica e atividade antioxidante das nozes e suas cascas, das diferentes cultivares de noz-pecã comercializadas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, contribuindo também com dados de grande valia para o setor da pecanicultura e enfatizando os benefícios do consumo deste fruto e da utilização das cascas como potenciais antioxidantes na indústria de alimentos. A informação a respeito do percentual lipídico que cada cultivar apresenta poderá auxiliar na escolha correta de determinadas cultivares para a indústria de óleos ou na escolha de nozes com menores teores de lipídios para aplicação em produtos de panificação ou confeitaria, a fim de evitar a rancificação dos produtos.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaCentro de Ciências RuraisPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos AlimentosUFSMBrasilCiência e Tecnologia dos AlimentosAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessNogueira-pecãHidrólise ácidaAtividade antioxidanteFrutos secosCultivaresLC-DAD-MS/MSPecanAcid hydrolysisAntioxidant activityDry fruitsCultivateCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOSAvaliação do perfil lipídico e caracterização de compostos fenólicos de diferentes cultivares de noz-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch]Characterization of phenolic compounds in different pecan cultivars [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisBallus, Cristiano Augustohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5141003597392061Wagner, RogerBarcia, Milene TeixeiraGodoy, Helena Teixeirahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4711900496985157Pletsch, Lidia Betina Hendges500700000006600600600600600600090a016f-3309-4373-9a77-c46d092ce89c1d9ea5d6-e474-4840-b54f-b3296ae3b9a0b0735b1b-7d91-471e-9154-db75001bf7e93e8a33cd-5c86-4317-af75-7b424ab57798e93c10b3-7ba5-403a-befd-33354b0e6c49reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALDIS_PPGCTA_2021_PLETSCH_LIDIA.pdfDIS_PPGCTA_2021_PLETSCH_LIDIA.pdfDissertaçãoapplication/pdf1417496http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/25296/1/DIS_PPGCTA_2021_PLETSCH_LIDIA.pdf7ccd9cc8bf879ecd384b4afe68516276MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/25296/2/license_rdf4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81956http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/25296/3/license.txt2f0571ecee68693bd5cd3f17c1e075dfMD531/252962022-07-08 10:36:04.085oai:repositorio.ufsm.br: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 Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2022-07-08T13:36:04Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Avaliação do perfil lipídico e caracterização de compostos fenólicos de diferentes cultivares de noz-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Characterization of phenolic compounds in different pecan cultivars [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] |
title |
Avaliação do perfil lipídico e caracterização de compostos fenólicos de diferentes cultivares de noz-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] |
spellingShingle |
Avaliação do perfil lipídico e caracterização de compostos fenólicos de diferentes cultivares de noz-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] Pletsch, Lidia Betina Hendges Nogueira-pecã Hidrólise ácida Atividade antioxidante Frutos secos Cultivares LC-DAD-MS/MS Pecan Acid hydrolysis Antioxidant activity Dry fruits Cultivate CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS |
title_short |
Avaliação do perfil lipídico e caracterização de compostos fenólicos de diferentes cultivares de noz-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] |
title_full |
Avaliação do perfil lipídico e caracterização de compostos fenólicos de diferentes cultivares de noz-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] |
title_fullStr |
Avaliação do perfil lipídico e caracterização de compostos fenólicos de diferentes cultivares de noz-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] |
title_full_unstemmed |
Avaliação do perfil lipídico e caracterização de compostos fenólicos de diferentes cultivares de noz-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] |
title_sort |
Avaliação do perfil lipídico e caracterização de compostos fenólicos de diferentes cultivares de noz-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) K. Koch] |
author |
Pletsch, Lidia Betina Hendges |
author_facet |
Pletsch, Lidia Betina Hendges |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Ballus, Cristiano Augusto |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5141003597392061 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Wagner, Roger |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Barcia, Milene Teixeira |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Godoy, Helena Teixeira |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/4711900496985157 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Pletsch, Lidia Betina Hendges |
contributor_str_mv |
Ballus, Cristiano Augusto Wagner, Roger Barcia, Milene Teixeira Godoy, Helena Teixeira |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Nogueira-pecã Hidrólise ácida Atividade antioxidante Frutos secos Cultivares LC-DAD-MS/MS |
topic |
Nogueira-pecã Hidrólise ácida Atividade antioxidante Frutos secos Cultivares LC-DAD-MS/MS Pecan Acid hydrolysis Antioxidant activity Dry fruits Cultivate CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Pecan Acid hydrolysis Antioxidant activity Dry fruits Cultivate |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::CIENCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE ALIMENTOS |
description |
The state of Rio Grande do Sul is a large producer of pecan nut due to edaphoclimatic factors that significantly contribute to its cultivation, in addition to incentives that the government offers to small and medium producers as a source of extra income. Pecan is increasingly present on the table of consumers, contributing to a healthy diet, consisting of lipids, vitamins, minerals, proteins and compounds beneficial to the body, such as phenolic compounds, whose consumption has been correlated with lower probabilities of development of several diseases due to its antioxidant action. Pecan husks are widely used in teas due to their high antioxidant power. The objective of this work is to evaluate, in the nuts and shells of nine cultivars (Barton, Chickasaw, Imperial, Importada, Jackson, Melhorada, Mohawk, Pawnee and Shawnee) from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the total lipid content, the profile of fatty acids, the antioxidant capacity, the content of total phenolic compounds and the identification and quantification of individual phenolic compounds. The lipids were determined using the Bligh-Dyer method and the fatty acids by GC-FID (gas chromatography with flame ionization detector), and these analyzes were carried out only on walnuts. Total phenolic composition by Folin-Ciocalteu, individual quantification by LC-DAD-MS/MS (liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer) and antioxidant capacity by ORAC method (radical absorption capacity) of oxygen) were performed for both walnuts and shells. The cultivar Imperial had the lowest content of total lipids (51.15%) and the cultivar Importada the highest content (63.18%). The major fatty acid found in all cultivars was oleic, ranging from 60.75 in cultivar Melhorada to 81.21% in cultivar Shawnee, followed by linoleic fatty acid with variation from 10.44 to 29.20% in cultivars Shawnee and Improved respectively, and palmitic with a variation of 5.31 to 7.90%, in the cultivars Mohawk and Improved respectively. The total phenolic compounds ranged in walnuts from 12.82 g equivalent in gallic acid (GAE).kg-1 (Barton) to 22.07 g GAE.kg-1 (Mohawk) and in shells from 75.48 g GAE.kg. -1 (Mohawk) to 239.92 g GAE.kg-1 (Pawnee). By LC-DAD-MS/MS, about 20 compounds were identified and quantified in the walnuts without hydrolysis and 15 compounds when hydrolyzed, as for the shells, also 20 compounds were identified and quantified without the application of hydrolysis and 17 compounds when hydrolyzed. The classes of phenolics that stand out both in nuts and in hydrolyzed or non-hydrolyzed shells are hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids, with the major compounds gallic acid, ellagic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid. The antioxidant capacity varied in walnuts from 11.33 μmol equivalent in Trolox (TE).g-1 (Barton) to 150.80 μmol TE.g-1 (Pawnee) and in the shells from 53.38 μmol TE.g-1 (Mohawk) at 180.77 μmol TE.g-1 (Shawnee). Given the above, the present work brings out relevant information about the variability of lipid content, fatty acid profile, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of nuts and their shells, from different pecan cultivars sold in the state of Rio Grande do Sul , also contributing with data of great value to the pecan industry and emphasizing the benefits of consuming this fruit and using the peel as potential antioxidants in the food industry. The information about the lipid percentage that each cultivar presents may help in the correct choice of certain cultivars for the oil industry or in the choice of nuts with lower lipid contents for application in bakery or confectionery products, in order to prevent rancidity of the products. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2021-09-03 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-08T13:36:03Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-08T13:36:03Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/25296 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/25296 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
500700000006 |
dc.relation.confidence.fl_str_mv |
600 600 600 600 600 600 |
dc.relation.authority.fl_str_mv |
090a016f-3309-4373-9a77-c46d092ce89c 1d9ea5d6-e474-4840-b54f-b3296ae3b9a0 b0735b1b-7d91-471e-9154-db75001bf7e9 3e8a33cd-5c86-4317-af75-7b424ab57798 e93c10b3-7ba5-403a-befd-33354b0e6c49 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFSM |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
Brasil |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Centro de Ciências Rurais |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/25296/1/DIS_PPGCTA_2021_PLETSCH_LIDIA.pdf http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/25296/2/license_rdf http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/25296/3/license.txt |
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bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
_version_ |
1801485215091130368 |