Reavaliação do ciclo de vida de Hemileia vastatrix no Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Fernandes, Ronaldo de Castro
• Data de Publicação: 2007
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4420
• topic: Hemileia vastatrix; Ferrugem do cafeeiro; Hemileia vastatrix; Coffee leaf rust; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA

Evidence is presented to show that Hemileia vastatrix, the causal agent of coffee leaf rust, has two types of teliospores in the life cycle: thin and smooth-walled, globose to napiform teliospores typically germinating with a four-celled promycelium (basidium), each cell producing a sterigma and basidiospore; thick-walled, ornamented, sub-reniform uredinioid teliospores. Caryological studies using Giemsa staining and image cytometry demonstrate that the first division of meiosis occurs in the uredinioid teliospores, and the second division only takes place after germination in the appressorium (delayed meiosis). The intent of examining the caryological status of H. vastatrix spores through flux cytometry was not implemented because this technique dependended on protoplast isolations that proved impossible with the treatments that were attempted for this fungus. Factors affecting the frequency and type of germination (mycelial versus appressorial) and of the uredinioid teliospores were investigated and analysed. Most germinate in the dark at temperatures between 22 and 26 oC, and appressorial formation is obtained under low temperatures (22 oC), in the dark. Teliospores were recorded from various localities in Minas Gerais, confirming the previous dubious record of the occurrence of this spore type in Brazil, and their occurrence appeared to be conditioned by the changing humidity during periods of lower temperatures in the winter and spring. A significant proportion of teliospores showed abnormal germination; the number of promycelial cells varying from three to seven, with or without the production of sterigmata and basidiospores. This body of information may explain the high number of races identified thus far in H. vastatrix, a supposedly functionally asexual fungus that produces non-functional basidiospores, according to the current views. The existence of an additional process allowing genetic recombination might explain the emergence of new races and the continuing breakdown of resistance in new coffee varieties.