Potencial de controle biológico da ferrugem do cafeeiro com bactérias residentes do filoplano

• Autor(a) principal: Godinho, Márcio Tadeu
• Data de Publicação: 2010
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4380
• topic: Controle biológico; Hemileia vastatrix; Café; Filoplano; Ferrugem; Biological control; Hemileia vastatrix; Coffee; Phylloplane; Rust; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::FITOPATOLOGIA

Looking for promising microorganisms for the control of coffee leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix, were isolated phylloplane residents from coffee leaves healthy by simply washing the sheet or by using ultrasound, with subsequent dilution. Were also selected bacteria capable of forming endospores, yielding a total of 217 isolates. After isolation were carried out four tests for selection of these organisms as biocontrol agents of rust. The first test conducted was the germination of urediniospores of H. vastatrix on glass slide, comparing the germination in distilled water and germination when a drop of each of the isolates obtained was deposited, from this experiment we selected 33 isolates with an inhibitory effect on germination. Subsequently, isolates were tested on leaf discs, as its capacity to suppress disease progression. The 33 isolates were sprayed on leaves of coffee plants at three different times in relation to inoculation with H. vastatrix (24 hours before, simultaneously and 24 hours later). Four isolates were considered capable of reducing the severity of the disease in the conditions of the experiment. These four isolates were tested on detached leaves to confirm the results, again observing reductions in disease severity compared to control, which contained only distilled water. The last experiment was conducted in green-house, comparing the four isolates with the controls (sprayed only with distilled water and with the systemic fungicide epoxiconazol). The four isolates provided the level of disease control similar to that obtained by the use of fungicide (approximately 100%). The identification based on fatty acid profile of the isolates identified UFV 025, UFV UFV 033 and 080 as Bacillus cereus, isolate UFV and 070 as Bacillus sphaericus. With the results of the experiments we can conclude that resident bacteria in the phylloplane of coffee can be isolated and selected as potential biocontrol agents of rust.