Toxic and genotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium - A review
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2005 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo de conferência |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/11449/68282 |
Resumo: | During the last years, the emission of heavy metals to the environment has increased, causing a severe negative impact to the ecosystems and seriously compromising human health due to their mutagenic potential. Tri- (III) and hexavalent (VI) chromium (Cr) constitute the oxidative states of the metal chromium that are active in living organisms. These two oxidation states of the chromium differ with regards to their cellular effects, mainly due to the different abilities they possess in relation to easy of transport through biological membranes. Cr VI is transported into the cell through transference channels of endogenous anions that are isostructural and isoelectronical to Cr VI, such as SO 4 -2 and HPO 4 -2. On the other hand, Cr III is unable to diffuse through the cell membrane. Its existence inside the cells is generally due to the reduction of Cr VI, the endocytosis, or the absortion by the cells via phagocytosis. Cr III acts directly on the DNA molecule, while Cr VI reacts little with this molecule. In the ecosystem, however, Cr VI is more dangerous since this is the form that presents greater reactivity with biological membranes, crossing them and being easily incorporated into the cell. In the cell it is biotransformed to Cr III, a potentially mutagenic molecule. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that organisms exposed to Cr VI present greater induction to a variety of damages to the DNA molecule. Among the damages induced by Cr, changes in the structure of the DNA molecule have been reported, with breaks of the major chain and base oxidation. In the organisms, these alterations generate chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation, sister chromatid exchanges, and errors in DNA synthesis. |
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Toxic and genotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium - A reviewChromiumGenotoxicityHeavy metalanionchromiumDNAphosphatesulfatebiotransformationcell activitycell membranechemical structurechromosome aberrationconference paperDNA damageDNA structureDNA synthesisecosystemendocytosisenvironmentgenotoxicityhealthin vitro studyin vivo studymicronucleusmutagenicityoxidationphagocytosisreductionsister chromatid exchangetoxicityDuring the last years, the emission of heavy metals to the environment has increased, causing a severe negative impact to the ecosystems and seriously compromising human health due to their mutagenic potential. Tri- (III) and hexavalent (VI) chromium (Cr) constitute the oxidative states of the metal chromium that are active in living organisms. These two oxidation states of the chromium differ with regards to their cellular effects, mainly due to the different abilities they possess in relation to easy of transport through biological membranes. Cr VI is transported into the cell through transference channels of endogenous anions that are isostructural and isoelectronical to Cr VI, such as SO 4 -2 and HPO 4 -2. On the other hand, Cr III is unable to diffuse through the cell membrane. Its existence inside the cells is generally due to the reduction of Cr VI, the endocytosis, or the absortion by the cells via phagocytosis. Cr III acts directly on the DNA molecule, while Cr VI reacts little with this molecule. In the ecosystem, however, Cr VI is more dangerous since this is the form that presents greater reactivity with biological membranes, crossing them and being easily incorporated into the cell. In the cell it is biotransformed to Cr III, a potentially mutagenic molecule. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that organisms exposed to Cr VI present greater induction to a variety of damages to the DNA molecule. Among the damages induced by Cr, changes in the structure of the DNA molecule have been reported, with breaks of the major chain and base oxidation. In the organisms, these alterations generate chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation, sister chromatid exchanges, and errors in DNA synthesis.Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Departamento de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Estadual Paulista IB-Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro/SPUniversidade Estadual Paulista IB-Campus de Rio Claro, Av.24-A, 1515, Cep: 13506-900, Rio Claro/SPUniversidade Estadual Paulista IB-Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro/SPUniversidade Estadual Paulista IB-Campus de Rio Claro, Av.24-A, 1515, Cep: 13506-900, Rio Claro/SPUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES)Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Matsumoto, Silvia T.Marin-Morales, Maria A. [UNESP]2014-05-27T11:21:22Z2014-05-27T11:21:22Z2005-06-01info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject77-85Revista Brasileira de Toxicologia, v. 18, n. 1, p. 77-85, 2005.1415-2983http://hdl.handle.net/11449/682822-s2.0-27844546112Scopusreponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESPinstname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)instacron:UNESPengRevista Brasileira de Toxicologiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2021-10-23T21:41:32Zoai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/68282Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttp://repositorio.unesp.br/oai/requestopendoar:29462024-08-05T16:30:09.569611Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Toxic and genotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium - A review |
title |
Toxic and genotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium - A review |
spellingShingle |
Toxic and genotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium - A review Matsumoto, Silvia T. Chromium Genotoxicity Heavy metal anion chromium DNA phosphate sulfate biotransformation cell activity cell membrane chemical structure chromosome aberration conference paper DNA damage DNA structure DNA synthesis ecosystem endocytosis environment genotoxicity health in vitro study in vivo study micronucleus mutagenicity oxidation phagocytosis reduction sister chromatid exchange toxicity |
title_short |
Toxic and genotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium - A review |
title_full |
Toxic and genotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium - A review |
title_fullStr |
Toxic and genotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium - A review |
title_full_unstemmed |
Toxic and genotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium - A review |
title_sort |
Toxic and genotoxic effects of trivalent and hexavalent chromium - A review |
author |
Matsumoto, Silvia T. |
author_facet |
Matsumoto, Silvia T. Marin-Morales, Maria A. [UNESP] |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Marin-Morales, Maria A. [UNESP] |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Matsumoto, Silvia T. Marin-Morales, Maria A. [UNESP] |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Chromium Genotoxicity Heavy metal anion chromium DNA phosphate sulfate biotransformation cell activity cell membrane chemical structure chromosome aberration conference paper DNA damage DNA structure DNA synthesis ecosystem endocytosis environment genotoxicity health in vitro study in vivo study micronucleus mutagenicity oxidation phagocytosis reduction sister chromatid exchange toxicity |
topic |
Chromium Genotoxicity Heavy metal anion chromium DNA phosphate sulfate biotransformation cell activity cell membrane chemical structure chromosome aberration conference paper DNA damage DNA structure DNA synthesis ecosystem endocytosis environment genotoxicity health in vitro study in vivo study micronucleus mutagenicity oxidation phagocytosis reduction sister chromatid exchange toxicity |
description |
During the last years, the emission of heavy metals to the environment has increased, causing a severe negative impact to the ecosystems and seriously compromising human health due to their mutagenic potential. Tri- (III) and hexavalent (VI) chromium (Cr) constitute the oxidative states of the metal chromium that are active in living organisms. These two oxidation states of the chromium differ with regards to their cellular effects, mainly due to the different abilities they possess in relation to easy of transport through biological membranes. Cr VI is transported into the cell through transference channels of endogenous anions that are isostructural and isoelectronical to Cr VI, such as SO 4 -2 and HPO 4 -2. On the other hand, Cr III is unable to diffuse through the cell membrane. Its existence inside the cells is generally due to the reduction of Cr VI, the endocytosis, or the absortion by the cells via phagocytosis. Cr III acts directly on the DNA molecule, while Cr VI reacts little with this molecule. In the ecosystem, however, Cr VI is more dangerous since this is the form that presents greater reactivity with biological membranes, crossing them and being easily incorporated into the cell. In the cell it is biotransformed to Cr III, a potentially mutagenic molecule. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that organisms exposed to Cr VI present greater induction to a variety of damages to the DNA molecule. Among the damages induced by Cr, changes in the structure of the DNA molecule have been reported, with breaks of the major chain and base oxidation. In the organisms, these alterations generate chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus formation, sister chromatid exchanges, and errors in DNA synthesis. |
publishDate |
2005 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2005-06-01 2014-05-27T11:21:22Z 2014-05-27T11:21:22Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject |
format |
conferenceObject |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
Revista Brasileira de Toxicologia, v. 18, n. 1, p. 77-85, 2005. 1415-2983 http://hdl.handle.net/11449/68282 2-s2.0-27844546112 |
identifier_str_mv |
Revista Brasileira de Toxicologia, v. 18, n. 1, p. 77-85, 2005. 1415-2983 2-s2.0-27844546112 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11449/68282 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
Revista Brasileira de Toxicologia |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
77-85 |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
Scopus reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESP instname:Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) instacron:UNESP |
instname_str |
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
instacron_str |
UNESP |
institution |
UNESP |
reponame_str |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
collection |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositório Institucional da UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
|
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1808128661721710592 |