Educação humanizadora e dificuldades de aprendizagem: o que nos revelam os discursos de professores dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental?

• Autor(a) principal: Bispo, Silvana Alves da Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do Mackenzie
• Texto Completo: http://dspace.mackenzie.br/handle/10899/25174
• topic: educação humanizadora; discurso pedagógico; dificuldade de aprendizagem; fracasso escolar; análise de conteúdo; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::EDUCACAO::ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM::METODOS E TECNICAS DE ENSINO

The general objective of this thesis is to contribute to the initial and continuing capacity of teachers away from them the biased and mistaken judgments about learning difficulties. As specific objectives we have chosen: to discuss concepts of learning and of development and their interrelationships; to establish distinctions between problems and learning disabilities; to discuss issues pertaining to training and teaching practice in the context of pedagogy, and; to analyze the content of speeches of the research subjects about difficulties and learning disabilities within the early years of elementary school. To articulate the theoretical framework that anchors the analyzes it were searched, besides authors who have spoken on the subject, the critical theories common to Freire (1997; 2011a; 2011b; 2011c; 2013th; 2013b; 2014), Vygotsky ( 1998; 1996; 2007; 1995), Leontiev (1978a; 1978b; 1988), Glozman (2014) and others, as well as theses, dissertations and registered articles in the Scielo database, mapped by indexers "learning difficulty", " learning difficulties "and" failure at school "that allowed an overview of what was published in the areas of Education, Health and letters on the subject (in the latter case, no specific publication on the issue). In the empirical part of the investigation, our object of analysis is speeches of 14 teachers in the early years of elementary school who participated in the extension project "Continuing capacity of teachers: reflection and action regarding the expansion of basic education and prevention / intervention to difficulties learning". Data were collected in two ways: a questionnaire with structured thematic guide delivered and collected during the course between 2010 and 2011, and records on the spot spontaneous speech in times of evaluation of the course. For data analysis, we used the methodology of content analysis, as proposed by Bardin (1997). We note that the speeches of teachers in the early years of elementary school subjects in this study reveal an incomplete initial or marked by the mismatch between theory and practice. This feeling of failure also extends to the absence of the family in the monitoring of children and the lack or insufficiency of institutional actions to ensure professional "experts" to meet the cases of non-learning, which, in general these subjects within the scope of disturbances and, therefore, in their perceptions, outside of the teacher field. It follows an almost silencing of possible flaws in the teaching and learning of the plan and the consequent self-exoneratefor student failures. Another relevant fact is that even knowing settings (techniques) of "difficulty" and "disorder", the subjects do not reveal the field of their concepts or the issue of extension in specific teaching situations. We would add that it is also virtually silenced the humanizing side of education, in favor of a neoliberal discourse of efficiency, very close to what characterizes the ongoing institutional assessments in the country and the word. Said this, it was clear the latent need for training and humanizing teaching practice, which is what we propose to deal with the problem. In other words, a training that can handle to think the problem related to learning difficulties other bias than the pathologization, but by understanding that the other "can be more", as always excelled Freire.