Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/43333 |
Resumo: | Background: Protection against SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by humoral and T cell responses. Pakistan faced relatively low morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 through the pandemic. To examine the role of prior immunity in the population, we studied IgG antibody response levels, virus neutralizing activity and T cell reactivity to Spike protein in a healthy control group (HG) as compared with COVID-19 cases and individuals from the pre-pandemic period (PP). Methods: HG and COVID-19 participants were recruited between October 2020 and May 2021. Pre-pandemic sera was collected before 2018. IgG antibodies against Spike and its Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) were determined by ELISA. Virus neutralization activity was determined using a PCR-based micro-neutralization assay. T cell – IFN-γ activation was assessed by ELISpot. Results: Overall, the magnitude of anti-Spike IgG antibody levels as well as seropositivity was greatest in COVID-19 cases (90%) as compared with HG (39.8%) and PP (12.2%). During the study period, Pakistan experienced three COVID-19 waves. We observed that IgG seropositivity to Spike in HG increased from 10.3 to 83.5% during the study, whilst seropositivity to RBD increased from 7.5 to 33.3%. IgG antibodies to Spike and RBD were correlated positively in all three study groups. Virus neutralizing activity was identified in sera of COVID-19, HG and PP. Spike reactive T cells were present in COVID-19, HG and PP groups. Individuals with reactive T cells included those with and without IgG antibodies to Spike. Conclusions: Antibody and T cell responses to Spike protein in individuals from the pre-pandemic period suggest prior immunity against SARS-CoV-2, most likely from cross-reactive responses. The rising seroprevalence observed in healthy individuals through the pandemic without known COVID-19 may be due to the activation of adaptive immunity from cross-reactive memory B and T cells. This may explain the more favourable COVID-19 outcomes observed in this population. |
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Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in PakistanIgGInterferon-gammaReceptor binding domainSARS-CoV-2SpikeT cellsBackground: Protection against SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by humoral and T cell responses. Pakistan faced relatively low morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 through the pandemic. To examine the role of prior immunity in the population, we studied IgG antibody response levels, virus neutralizing activity and T cell reactivity to Spike protein in a healthy control group (HG) as compared with COVID-19 cases and individuals from the pre-pandemic period (PP). Methods: HG and COVID-19 participants were recruited between October 2020 and May 2021. Pre-pandemic sera was collected before 2018. IgG antibodies against Spike and its Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) were determined by ELISA. Virus neutralization activity was determined using a PCR-based micro-neutralization assay. T cell – IFN-γ activation was assessed by ELISpot. Results: Overall, the magnitude of anti-Spike IgG antibody levels as well as seropositivity was greatest in COVID-19 cases (90%) as compared with HG (39.8%) and PP (12.2%). During the study period, Pakistan experienced three COVID-19 waves. We observed that IgG seropositivity to Spike in HG increased from 10.3 to 83.5% during the study, whilst seropositivity to RBD increased from 7.5 to 33.3%. IgG antibodies to Spike and RBD were correlated positively in all three study groups. Virus neutralizing activity was identified in sera of COVID-19, HG and PP. Spike reactive T cells were present in COVID-19, HG and PP groups. Individuals with reactive T cells included those with and without IgG antibodies to Spike. Conclusions: Antibody and T cell responses to Spike protein in individuals from the pre-pandemic period suggest prior immunity against SARS-CoV-2, most likely from cross-reactive responses. The rising seroprevalence observed in healthy individuals through the pandemic without known COVID-19 may be due to the activation of adaptive immunity from cross-reactive memory B and T cells. This may explain the more favourable COVID-19 outcomes observed in this population.Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica PortuguesaMasood, Kiran IqbalQaiser, ShamaAbidi, Syed HaniKhan, ErumMahmood, Syed FaisalHussain, AreebaGhous, ZaraImtiaz, KhekahsanAli, NatashaHasan, MuhammadMemon, Haris AliYameen, MalihaAli, ShizaBaloch, SadafLakhani, GulzarAlves, Paula M.Iqbal, Najeeha TalatAhmed, KumailIqbal, JunaidBhutta, Zulfiqar A.Hussain, RabiaRottenberg, MartinSimas, J. PedroVeldhoen, MarcGhias, KulsoomHasan, Zahra2023-12-13T15:39:29Z2023-122023-12-01T00:00:00Zinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleapplication/pdfhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/43333eng1471-233410.1186/s12879-023-08829-185178184900PMC1069110838041026001123310900002info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos)instname:Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãoinstacron:RCAAP2024-01-02T01:36:49Zoai:repositorio.ucp.pt:10400.14/43333Portal AgregadorONGhttps://www.rcaap.pt/oai/openaireopendoar:71602024-03-20T00:55:01.064763Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informaçãofalse |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan |
title |
Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan |
spellingShingle |
Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan Masood, Kiran Iqbal IgG Interferon-gamma Receptor binding domain SARS-CoV-2 Spike T cells |
title_short |
Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan |
title_full |
Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan |
title_fullStr |
Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan |
title_full_unstemmed |
Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan |
title_sort |
Humoral and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 reveal insights into immunity during the early pandemic period in Pakistan |
author |
Masood, Kiran Iqbal |
author_facet |
Masood, Kiran Iqbal Qaiser, Shama Abidi, Syed Hani Khan, Erum Mahmood, Syed Faisal Hussain, Areeba Ghous, Zara Imtiaz, Khekahsan Ali, Natasha Hasan, Muhammad Memon, Haris Ali Yameen, Maliha Ali, Shiza Baloch, Sadaf Lakhani, Gulzar Alves, Paula M. Iqbal, Najeeha Talat Ahmed, Kumail Iqbal, Junaid Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Hussain, Rabia Rottenberg, Martin Simas, J. Pedro Veldhoen, Marc Ghias, Kulsoom Hasan, Zahra |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Qaiser, Shama Abidi, Syed Hani Khan, Erum Mahmood, Syed Faisal Hussain, Areeba Ghous, Zara Imtiaz, Khekahsan Ali, Natasha Hasan, Muhammad Memon, Haris Ali Yameen, Maliha Ali, Shiza Baloch, Sadaf Lakhani, Gulzar Alves, Paula M. Iqbal, Najeeha Talat Ahmed, Kumail Iqbal, Junaid Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Hussain, Rabia Rottenberg, Martin Simas, J. Pedro Veldhoen, Marc Ghias, Kulsoom Hasan, Zahra |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Masood, Kiran Iqbal Qaiser, Shama Abidi, Syed Hani Khan, Erum Mahmood, Syed Faisal Hussain, Areeba Ghous, Zara Imtiaz, Khekahsan Ali, Natasha Hasan, Muhammad Memon, Haris Ali Yameen, Maliha Ali, Shiza Baloch, Sadaf Lakhani, Gulzar Alves, Paula M. Iqbal, Najeeha Talat Ahmed, Kumail Iqbal, Junaid Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Hussain, Rabia Rottenberg, Martin Simas, J. Pedro Veldhoen, Marc Ghias, Kulsoom Hasan, Zahra |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
IgG Interferon-gamma Receptor binding domain SARS-CoV-2 Spike T cells |
topic |
IgG Interferon-gamma Receptor binding domain SARS-CoV-2 Spike T cells |
description |
Background: Protection against SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by humoral and T cell responses. Pakistan faced relatively low morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 through the pandemic. To examine the role of prior immunity in the population, we studied IgG antibody response levels, virus neutralizing activity and T cell reactivity to Spike protein in a healthy control group (HG) as compared with COVID-19 cases and individuals from the pre-pandemic period (PP). Methods: HG and COVID-19 participants were recruited between October 2020 and May 2021. Pre-pandemic sera was collected before 2018. IgG antibodies against Spike and its Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) were determined by ELISA. Virus neutralization activity was determined using a PCR-based micro-neutralization assay. T cell – IFN-γ activation was assessed by ELISpot. Results: Overall, the magnitude of anti-Spike IgG antibody levels as well as seropositivity was greatest in COVID-19 cases (90%) as compared with HG (39.8%) and PP (12.2%). During the study period, Pakistan experienced three COVID-19 waves. We observed that IgG seropositivity to Spike in HG increased from 10.3 to 83.5% during the study, whilst seropositivity to RBD increased from 7.5 to 33.3%. IgG antibodies to Spike and RBD were correlated positively in all three study groups. Virus neutralizing activity was identified in sera of COVID-19, HG and PP. Spike reactive T cells were present in COVID-19, HG and PP groups. Individuals with reactive T cells included those with and without IgG antibodies to Spike. Conclusions: Antibody and T cell responses to Spike protein in individuals from the pre-pandemic period suggest prior immunity against SARS-CoV-2, most likely from cross-reactive responses. The rising seroprevalence observed in healthy individuals through the pandemic without known COVID-19 may be due to the activation of adaptive immunity from cross-reactive memory B and T cells. This may explain the more favourable COVID-19 outcomes observed in this population. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-12-13T15:39:29Z 2023-12 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/43333 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/43333 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
1471-2334 10.1186/s12879-023-08829-1 85178184900 PMC10691108 38041026 001123310900002 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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RCAAP |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) |
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Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (Repositórios Cientìficos) - Agência para a Sociedade do Conhecimento (UMIC) - FCT - Sociedade da Informação |
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