Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Bó, Inácio
Data de Publicação: 2023
Outros Autores: Senkevics, Adriano Souza
Tipo de documento: preprint
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: SciELO Preprints
Texto Completo: https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/5498
Resumo: The policy of Quotas Law for entry into Brazilian federal institutions of higher education, has enhanced, over the last ten years, the inclusion of students from public high schools, from low-income families and self-identified black, brown and indigenous people into Brazilian undergraduate programs. However, one of the most neglected points in relation to the effectiveness of the Quotas Law concerns the way this policy is implemented through the Centralized Admission System (Sisu). Distortions in the way quotas are adopted in Sisu result in unfair rejections, in which quota candidates who would have sufficient performance to enter are penalized, both because it makes them compete only with other potential quota candidates, and by strategic behaviors that hurt the spirit of the legislation. In this article, we carry out a quantitative analysis based on microdata from Sisu 2019/1st semester to present an alternative rule for the adoption of quotas. The results indicate that its adoption would completely eliminate unfair rejections and strategic incentives. This would come without significant changes in the proportion of black, brown, indigenous and low-income applicants, in the average score of those approved, or in the number of those approved in their first choice of course.
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spelling Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher educationPropuesta de modificación de las normas de ocupación de los cupos de ingreso en las instituciones federales de enseñanza superiorProposta de alteração nas regras para ocupação das cotas no ingresso discente às instituições federais de educação superiorAção AfirmativaAcesso à GraduaçãoDesenho de MecanismoLei de CotasSistema de Seleção UnificadaAffirmative ActionAccess to Postsecondary EducationMechanism DesignQuotas LawCentralized Admission ProcessAcción AfirmativaAcceso a la GraduaciónDiseño de MecanismoLey de CuotasSistema Unificado de SelecciónThe policy of Quotas Law for entry into Brazilian federal institutions of higher education, has enhanced, over the last ten years, the inclusion of students from public high schools, from low-income families and self-identified black, brown and indigenous people into Brazilian undergraduate programs. However, one of the most neglected points in relation to the effectiveness of the Quotas Law concerns the way this policy is implemented through the Centralized Admission System (Sisu). Distortions in the way quotas are adopted in Sisu result in unfair rejections, in which quota candidates who would have sufficient performance to enter are penalized, both because it makes them compete only with other potential quota candidates, and by strategic behaviors that hurt the spirit of the legislation. In this article, we carry out a quantitative analysis based on microdata from Sisu 2019/1st semester to present an alternative rule for the adoption of quotas. The results indicate that its adoption would completely eliminate unfair rejections and strategic incentives. This would come without significant changes in the proportion of black, brown, indigenous and low-income applicants, in the average score of those approved, or in the number of those approved in their first choice of course.La política de reserva de plazas para ingreso en las instituciones federales de enseñanza superior, suscrita a la Ley de Cuotas (Ley nº 12.711/2012), presentó resultados muy significativos durante su primera década de vigencia en lo que se refiere, especialmente, a la inclusión de estudiantes de la enseñanza media pública, de familias de baja renta y negros, pardos e indígenas en la graduación brasileña. Sin embargo, uno de los puntos más descuidados en relación con la eficacia de la Ley de Cuotas se refiere a la forma de aplicación de esta política a través del Sistema Único de Selección (Sisu). Las distorsiones en la forma en que se adoptan las cuotas en Sisu dan lugar a fallos injustos, en los que se penaliza a candidatos de cuota que tendrían suficiente rendimiento para entrar, tanto por listas de oposición múltiples que les hacen competir sólo con otros posibles titulares de cuota, como por comportamientos estratégicos que lesionan el espíritu de la legislación. En este artículo, realizamos un análisis cuantitativo basado en microdatos del Sisu 2019/1er semestre para presentar una regla alternativa para la implementación de cuotas. Los resultados indican que su adopción eliminaría por completo las desaprobaciones injustas y los incentivos estratégicos, sin que se produzca un cambio significativo en la aprobación de candidatos negros, pardos e indígenas y de bajos recursos, en el puntaje promedio de los aprobados y en el número de candidatos aprobados en su primera elección de curso.A política de reserva de vagas para ingresso nas instituições federais de educação superior, subscrita à Lei de Cotas (Lei n. 12.711/2012), apresentou resultados bastante expressivos durante seu primeiro decênio de vigência no que tange, especialmente, à inclusão de estudantes oriundos do ensino médio público, de famílias de baixa renda e de pretos, pardos e indígenas na graduação brasileira. No entanto, um dos pontos mais negligenciados em relação à eficácia da Lei de Cotas diz respeito ao modo de implementação dessa política por meio do Sistema de Seleção Unificada (Sisu). Distorções na forma de adoção das cotas no Sisu resultam em reprovações injustas, nas quais candidatos às cotas que teriam desempenho suficiente para ingressar são penalizados, tanto por listas múltiplas de concorrência que os fazem concorrer somente com outros potenciais cotistas, quanto por comportamentos estratégicos que ferem o espírito da legislação. Neste artigo, executamos uma análise quantitativa a partir dos microdados do Sisu 2019/1º semestre para apresentar uma regra alternativa de implementação das cotas. Os resultados indicam que sua adoção eliminaria por completo reprovações injustas e incentivos estratégicos, sem resultar em alteração significativa na aprovação de candidatos pretos, pardos e indígenas e de baixa renda, na nota média dos aprovados e na quantidade de aprovados em sua primeira opção de curso.SciELO PreprintsSciELO PreprintsSciELO Preprints2023-01-31info:eu-repo/semantics/preprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/549810.1590/SciELOPreprints.5498porhttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/article/view/5498/10643Copyright (c) 2023 Inácio Bó, Adriano Souza Senkevicshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessBó, InácioSenkevics, Adriano Souzareponame:SciELO Preprintsinstname:Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO)instacron:SCI2023-01-30T01:22:50Zoai:ops.preprints.scielo.org:preprint/5498Servidor de preprintshttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scieloONGhttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/oaiscielo.submission@scielo.orgopendoar:2023-01-30T01:22:50SciELO Preprints - Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education
Propuesta de modificación de las normas de ocupación de los cupos de ingreso en las instituciones federales de enseñanza superior
Proposta de alteração nas regras para ocupação das cotas no ingresso discente às instituições federais de educação superior
title Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education
spellingShingle Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education
Bó, Inácio
Ação Afirmativa
Acesso à Graduação
Desenho de Mecanismo
Lei de Cotas
Sistema de Seleção Unificada
Affirmative Action
Access to Postsecondary Education
Mechanism Design
Quotas Law
Centralized Admission Process
Acción Afirmativa
Acceso a la Graduación
Diseño de Mecanismo
Ley de Cuotas
Sistema Unificado de Selección
title_short Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education
title_full Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education
title_fullStr Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education
title_full_unstemmed Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education
title_sort Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education
author Bó, Inácio
author_facet Bó, Inácio
Senkevics, Adriano Souza
author_role author
author2 Senkevics, Adriano Souza
author2_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Bó, Inácio
Senkevics, Adriano Souza
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Ação Afirmativa
Acesso à Graduação
Desenho de Mecanismo
Lei de Cotas
Sistema de Seleção Unificada
Affirmative Action
Access to Postsecondary Education
Mechanism Design
Quotas Law
Centralized Admission Process
Acción Afirmativa
Acceso a la Graduación
Diseño de Mecanismo
Ley de Cuotas
Sistema Unificado de Selección
topic Ação Afirmativa
Acesso à Graduação
Desenho de Mecanismo
Lei de Cotas
Sistema de Seleção Unificada
Affirmative Action
Access to Postsecondary Education
Mechanism Design
Quotas Law
Centralized Admission Process
Acción Afirmativa
Acceso a la Graduación
Diseño de Mecanismo
Ley de Cuotas
Sistema Unificado de Selección
description The policy of Quotas Law for entry into Brazilian federal institutions of higher education, has enhanced, over the last ten years, the inclusion of students from public high schools, from low-income families and self-identified black, brown and indigenous people into Brazilian undergraduate programs. However, one of the most neglected points in relation to the effectiveness of the Quotas Law concerns the way this policy is implemented through the Centralized Admission System (Sisu). Distortions in the way quotas are adopted in Sisu result in unfair rejections, in which quota candidates who would have sufficient performance to enter are penalized, both because it makes them compete only with other potential quota candidates, and by strategic behaviors that hurt the spirit of the legislation. In this article, we carry out a quantitative analysis based on microdata from Sisu 2019/1st semester to present an alternative rule for the adoption of quotas. The results indicate that its adoption would completely eliminate unfair rejections and strategic incentives. This would come without significant changes in the proportion of black, brown, indigenous and low-income applicants, in the average score of those approved, or in the number of those approved in their first choice of course.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2023-01-31
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status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/5498
10.1590/SciELOPreprints.5498
url https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/5498
identifier_str_mv 10.1590/SciELOPreprints.5498
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/article/view/5498/10643
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Copyright (c) 2023 Inácio Bó, Adriano Souza Senkevics
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Copyright (c) 2023 Inácio Bó, Adriano Souza Senkevics
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv SciELO Preprints
SciELO Preprints
SciELO Preprints
publisher.none.fl_str_mv SciELO Preprints
SciELO Preprints
SciELO Preprints
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instname_str Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO)
instacron_str SCI
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reponame_str SciELO Preprints
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