Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Outros Autores: | |
Tipo de documento: | preprint |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | SciELO Preprints |
Texto Completo: | https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/5498 |
Resumo: | The policy of Quotas Law for entry into Brazilian federal institutions of higher education, has enhanced, over the last ten years, the inclusion of students from public high schools, from low-income families and self-identified black, brown and indigenous people into Brazilian undergraduate programs. However, one of the most neglected points in relation to the effectiveness of the Quotas Law concerns the way this policy is implemented through the Centralized Admission System (Sisu). Distortions in the way quotas are adopted in Sisu result in unfair rejections, in which quota candidates who would have sufficient performance to enter are penalized, both because it makes them compete only with other potential quota candidates, and by strategic behaviors that hurt the spirit of the legislation. In this article, we carry out a quantitative analysis based on microdata from Sisu 2019/1st semester to present an alternative rule for the adoption of quotas. The results indicate that its adoption would completely eliminate unfair rejections and strategic incentives. This would come without significant changes in the proportion of black, brown, indigenous and low-income applicants, in the average score of those approved, or in the number of those approved in their first choice of course. |
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Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher educationPropuesta de modificación de las normas de ocupación de los cupos de ingreso en las instituciones federales de enseñanza superiorProposta de alteração nas regras para ocupação das cotas no ingresso discente às instituições federais de educação superiorAção AfirmativaAcesso à GraduaçãoDesenho de MecanismoLei de CotasSistema de Seleção UnificadaAffirmative ActionAccess to Postsecondary EducationMechanism DesignQuotas LawCentralized Admission ProcessAcción AfirmativaAcceso a la GraduaciónDiseño de MecanismoLey de CuotasSistema Unificado de SelecciónThe policy of Quotas Law for entry into Brazilian federal institutions of higher education, has enhanced, over the last ten years, the inclusion of students from public high schools, from low-income families and self-identified black, brown and indigenous people into Brazilian undergraduate programs. However, one of the most neglected points in relation to the effectiveness of the Quotas Law concerns the way this policy is implemented through the Centralized Admission System (Sisu). Distortions in the way quotas are adopted in Sisu result in unfair rejections, in which quota candidates who would have sufficient performance to enter are penalized, both because it makes them compete only with other potential quota candidates, and by strategic behaviors that hurt the spirit of the legislation. In this article, we carry out a quantitative analysis based on microdata from Sisu 2019/1st semester to present an alternative rule for the adoption of quotas. The results indicate that its adoption would completely eliminate unfair rejections and strategic incentives. This would come without significant changes in the proportion of black, brown, indigenous and low-income applicants, in the average score of those approved, or in the number of those approved in their first choice of course.La política de reserva de plazas para ingreso en las instituciones federales de enseñanza superior, suscrita a la Ley de Cuotas (Ley nº 12.711/2012), presentó resultados muy significativos durante su primera década de vigencia en lo que se refiere, especialmente, a la inclusión de estudiantes de la enseñanza media pública, de familias de baja renta y negros, pardos e indígenas en la graduación brasileña. Sin embargo, uno de los puntos más descuidados en relación con la eficacia de la Ley de Cuotas se refiere a la forma de aplicación de esta política a través del Sistema Único de Selección (Sisu). Las distorsiones en la forma en que se adoptan las cuotas en Sisu dan lugar a fallos injustos, en los que se penaliza a candidatos de cuota que tendrían suficiente rendimiento para entrar, tanto por listas de oposición múltiples que les hacen competir sólo con otros posibles titulares de cuota, como por comportamientos estratégicos que lesionan el espíritu de la legislación. En este artículo, realizamos un análisis cuantitativo basado en microdatos del Sisu 2019/1er semestre para presentar una regla alternativa para la implementación de cuotas. Los resultados indican que su adopción eliminaría por completo las desaprobaciones injustas y los incentivos estratégicos, sin que se produzca un cambio significativo en la aprobación de candidatos negros, pardos e indígenas y de bajos recursos, en el puntaje promedio de los aprobados y en el número de candidatos aprobados en su primera elección de curso.A política de reserva de vagas para ingresso nas instituições federais de educação superior, subscrita à Lei de Cotas (Lei n. 12.711/2012), apresentou resultados bastante expressivos durante seu primeiro decênio de vigência no que tange, especialmente, à inclusão de estudantes oriundos do ensino médio público, de famílias de baixa renda e de pretos, pardos e indígenas na graduação brasileira. No entanto, um dos pontos mais negligenciados em relação à eficácia da Lei de Cotas diz respeito ao modo de implementação dessa política por meio do Sistema de Seleção Unificada (Sisu). Distorções na forma de adoção das cotas no Sisu resultam em reprovações injustas, nas quais candidatos às cotas que teriam desempenho suficiente para ingressar são penalizados, tanto por listas múltiplas de concorrência que os fazem concorrer somente com outros potenciais cotistas, quanto por comportamentos estratégicos que ferem o espírito da legislação. Neste artigo, executamos uma análise quantitativa a partir dos microdados do Sisu 2019/1º semestre para apresentar uma regra alternativa de implementação das cotas. Os resultados indicam que sua adoção eliminaria por completo reprovações injustas e incentivos estratégicos, sem resultar em alteração significativa na aprovação de candidatos pretos, pardos e indígenas e de baixa renda, na nota média dos aprovados e na quantidade de aprovados em sua primeira opção de curso.SciELO PreprintsSciELO PreprintsSciELO Preprints2023-01-31info:eu-repo/semantics/preprintinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/549810.1590/SciELOPreprints.5498porhttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/article/view/5498/10643Copyright (c) 2023 Inácio Bó, Adriano Souza Senkevicshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessBó, InácioSenkevics, Adriano Souzareponame:SciELO Preprintsinstname:Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO)instacron:SCI2023-01-30T01:22:50Zoai:ops.preprints.scielo.org:preprint/5498Servidor de preprintshttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scieloONGhttps://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/oaiscielo.submission@scielo.orgopendoar:2023-01-30T01:22:50SciELO Preprints - Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education Propuesta de modificación de las normas de ocupación de los cupos de ingreso en las instituciones federales de enseñanza superior Proposta de alteração nas regras para ocupação das cotas no ingresso discente às instituições federais de educação superior |
title |
Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education |
spellingShingle |
Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education Bó, Inácio Ação Afirmativa Acesso à Graduação Desenho de Mecanismo Lei de Cotas Sistema de Seleção Unificada Affirmative Action Access to Postsecondary Education Mechanism Design Quotas Law Centralized Admission Process Acción Afirmativa Acceso a la Graduación Diseño de Mecanismo Ley de Cuotas Sistema Unificado de Selección |
title_short |
Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education |
title_full |
Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education |
title_fullStr |
Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education |
title_full_unstemmed |
Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education |
title_sort |
Proposal to change the rules for the occupation of quotas in the student entrance to federal institutions of higher education |
author |
Bó, Inácio |
author_facet |
Bó, Inácio Senkevics, Adriano Souza |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Senkevics, Adriano Souza |
author2_role |
author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Bó, Inácio Senkevics, Adriano Souza |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Ação Afirmativa Acesso à Graduação Desenho de Mecanismo Lei de Cotas Sistema de Seleção Unificada Affirmative Action Access to Postsecondary Education Mechanism Design Quotas Law Centralized Admission Process Acción Afirmativa Acceso a la Graduación Diseño de Mecanismo Ley de Cuotas Sistema Unificado de Selección |
topic |
Ação Afirmativa Acesso à Graduação Desenho de Mecanismo Lei de Cotas Sistema de Seleção Unificada Affirmative Action Access to Postsecondary Education Mechanism Design Quotas Law Centralized Admission Process Acción Afirmativa Acceso a la Graduación Diseño de Mecanismo Ley de Cuotas Sistema Unificado de Selección |
description |
The policy of Quotas Law for entry into Brazilian federal institutions of higher education, has enhanced, over the last ten years, the inclusion of students from public high schools, from low-income families and self-identified black, brown and indigenous people into Brazilian undergraduate programs. However, one of the most neglected points in relation to the effectiveness of the Quotas Law concerns the way this policy is implemented through the Centralized Admission System (Sisu). Distortions in the way quotas are adopted in Sisu result in unfair rejections, in which quota candidates who would have sufficient performance to enter are penalized, both because it makes them compete only with other potential quota candidates, and by strategic behaviors that hurt the spirit of the legislation. In this article, we carry out a quantitative analysis based on microdata from Sisu 2019/1st semester to present an alternative rule for the adoption of quotas. The results indicate that its adoption would completely eliminate unfair rejections and strategic incentives. This would come without significant changes in the proportion of black, brown, indigenous and low-income applicants, in the average score of those approved, or in the number of those approved in their first choice of course. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-01-31 |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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preprint |
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publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/5498 10.1590/SciELOPreprints.5498 |
url |
https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/preprint/view/5498 |
identifier_str_mv |
10.1590/SciELOPreprints.5498 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv |
https://preprints.scielo.org/index.php/scielo/article/view/5498/10643 |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2023 Inácio Bó, Adriano Souza Senkevics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Copyright (c) 2023 Inácio Bó, Adriano Souza Senkevics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
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SciELO Preprints SciELO Preprints SciELO Preprints |
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SciELO Preprints SciELO Preprints SciELO Preprints |
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SciELO Preprints - Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) |
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